Multiplexed measurement

Moreno-Bondi MC, Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC et al (2006) Multiplexed measurement of serum antibodies using an array biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 21 1880-1886... 

SERS-encoded particles show great promise for high-throughput multiplexed measurements of biologically active species (such as pathogens and/or disease markers) in complex fluids. These particles can also be applied for in vivo imaging of tissues and cells. 

For multiplex measurements, when compared to fluorescence, SERRS also offers significant advantages. In multiplex measurements fluorescence has the disadvantage that the electronic spectra produced are broad (typically 50 to lOOnm full width at half maximum) and therefore overlap so that the technique is limited to the simultaneous measurement of around four dye labels [69, 77]. In contrast, SERRS uses the vibrational Raman spectrum of the label as a spectroscopic molecular fingerprint As a result the information content of the spectra is much higher and, because the vibrational bands are much narrower (about 1 nm full width at half maximum), spectral overlap is much less of a problem. Thus using SERRS it is possible to readily identify the components of a mixture without extensive separation procedures [78] and it has been estimated in the literature that simultaneous measurement with up to 30 SE(R)RS labels should be possible [79]. 

If the data have been recorded in multiplex mode, then the interferogram contains alternating data from two ADCs. With the options even and odd the data from both ADCs can be evaluated separately. There is no such option for backward scans. Therefore, multiplex measurements should be recorded only with pure Forward modes. 

Film thicknesses were measured with a profilometer (DekTak II). Electron microscope images were obtained using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6401F). Electrical resistances (DC) were measured with a programmable electrometer (Keithley 617). A low-current scanner card and switch system (Keithley 7158/7001) was used to multiplex measurements over ten sensors fi om two sensor arrays. Instruments were controlled and read by computer using a GPIB interfece and LabView software. 

Wilson, M.S., Nie, W. Multiplex measurement of seven tumOT markers using an electrochemical protein chip. Anal. Chem. 78, 6476-6483 (2006)... 

In light of the fact that Fourier transform instrumentation was largely responsible for expanding Raman spectroscopy into the analytical laboratory, it is perhaps interesting to consider why Raman spectroscopy is so popular today but Fourier transform Raman does not play the dominant role. After a discussion of the poor sensitivity of NIR Raman spectrometry using a scanning monochromator with PMT detection in Section 18.1, it was stated To improve this situation, either a multichannel or multiplex measurement was needed and the multiplex measurement came first. Multichannel measurements came very shortly afterward, however, and instruments based on polychromators with silicon-based charge-coupled-device (CCD) array detectors have become more popular than FT-Raman spectrometers. In this section we compare the performance of FT- and CCD-Raman spectrometers. 

Posgay, G. and Imre, L. Detection of Stresses Using Multiplex Barkhausen Noise Measuring Equipment Proc. 8 th DAS on Experimental Methods in Solid Mechanics, Godollo, 1991, Edited 1.. Huszdr, pp. 19-19/2... 

These two transducer pairs are activated alternating. For this purpose an ultrasonic instrument is combined with a two channel multiplexer. Figure 8 presents a modified standard instrument USN52 which also implies a modified software. This system performs four measurements per second - alternating the velocity and the thickness are determined. The probe can be scanned over the surface and in every position both, the velocity and the wall thickness are indicated Using the serial interface of the instrument finally a two-dimensional map of velocity or thickness can be generated. 

Measurement at 500 m/min was considered so promising that it was decided to manufacture and test a prototype for the four channel scanning system. In such a system multiplexing of signals from the four transducers to one ultrasonic instrument was a possibility. Alternatively four independent instruments (one for each transducer) could be used in the scanning system. 

Toleutaev B N, Tahara T and Hamaguchi H 1994 Broadband (1000 cm multiplex CARS spectroscopy application to polarization sensitive and time-resolved measurements Appl. Phys. 59 369-75... 

Screening of compound libraries with medium throughput is only possible if the spectra can be recorded in a short period of time, and if one measurement gives simultaneously a number of answers. In practice, several ligands are usually measured in one protein sample, depending on the problem [5]. Mostly 10-20 ligands are combined to multiplexes, which need to be deconvoluted if a positive answer, as shown in Fig. 1 is obtained. The hits obtained maybe analyzed automatically or by hand through manual inspection of the spectra. 

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