Disease markers

Review the biochemical disease markers to assess severity of acromegaly. 

Merlini P. A., Ardissino D. Current status of activation markers in ischemic heart disease Markers of coagulation activation. Thromb Haemost 1997 78,276-9. 

The abscissa is the time element (T), related to both the time of drug administration and to the dating of disease marker data. Both are usually plotted on the same time flow chart in a particular case. 

Incomplete Information. Incomplete information is not unique to ADR evaluation but is common to all areas of medical practice. The lack of sufficiently detailed, time-related data on drug administration and disease markers may make it impossible to render a reasoned judgment on many ADR cases, leaving them in their original and unsatisfactory anecdotal status. 

Polypharmacy. In recent times, polypharmacy is the mle rather than the exception. Patients with complicated and prolonged illnesses may have 20-30 medications in their medical background. Cases of this sort may be of such complexity that even with ideally complete drug and disease marker information, diagnostic success may be elusive. 

The goal of a diagnostic method is to detect all people within a population hearing the disease marker (no false-negative people) and to have no false-positive results, i.e., positive signal from a healthy person. The terms that characterize these demands are... 

Proteomic technologies promise to be of great value in molecular medicine, particularly in the detection and discovery of disease markers. Since it was demonstrated that there is a poor correlation between mRNA and protein... 

Fig. 4 Antibody chip technology. Chips with immobilized antibodies are probed with a specimen and assessed for binding of specific disease marker proteins...

Schlessinger 1990). These phosphorylation events stand at the beginning of specific signaling cascades that ultimately lead to transcription initiation and cell mitosis or differentiation. Because of the complexity of the proteome, it is at this stage most reasonable to think about protein chips that have a defined number of antibodies against known disease markers. 

Many proteomic studies have identified diverse proteins that may be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of disease and which may be disease markers. Most of the applications use expression proteomics to determine expression profiles of proteins in cells and tissues in normal or disease states. In the present study, we analyzed protein expression in cancer tissue samples and corresponding non-cancerous tissue samples to find proteins that might be involved in carcinogenesis or pathogenesis. 

Hoet, R.M.A., Raats, J.M.H., de Wildt, R.M.T., van Venrooij, W.J. (1995). Isolation and characterization of antibody fragments directed to disease markers isolated from patient derived combinatorial libraries. Immunology, 86(suppl 1), 96. 

Figure 18.2 Redox proteomics and oxidatively modified proteins in the brain. Redox proteomics has the potential of detecting disease markers and identifying potential targets for drug therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. Redox proteomics involves the separation of brain proteins followed by detection, usually immunochemically, of oxidatively modified proteins, either from a two-dimensional western blot or from column eluents. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic digests and database searching leads to protein identification.

Geroldi D, Falcone C, Emanuele E. 2006. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products from disease marker to potential therapeutic target. Curr Med Chem 13(17) 1971—1978. 

Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath, edited by N. Marczin,... 

Ghanbari K, Ghanbari HA. A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for measuring AD7C-NTP as an Alzheimer s disease marker AD7C test. J Clin Lab Anal 1998 12(4)223-226. 

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