Multiple template

Recent developments in zeolite synthesis and new materials include (i) the use of combinatorial methodologies, microwave heating, multiple templates or SDAs and concentrated fluoride media in synthesis, (ii) synthesis using the charge density mismatch (COM) concept, (iii) synthesis in ionothermal media, (iv) synthesis with complex designer templates or SDAs, (v) synthesis of nanozeohtes, (vi) zeoUte membranes and thin films (vii) and germanosilicate zeoHtes [76]. Several of these developments are discussed here. 

Fig. 15.25 Partial display of virtual screen of conformational ensemble of " 75 000 structure library based on multiple templates. A display of fitness scores to a three-point pharmacophore model provides initial signs of similarity of a library design to that model. Subsequent virtual screening against a more stringent four-point pharmacophore model further highlights potentially useful library designs.

Tovar, A., Eckert, H. and Bajorath, J. (2008) Comparison of 2D fingerprint methods for multiple-template similarity searching on compound activity classes of increasing structural diversity. ChemMedChem, 2, 208-217. 

Equipment to be subjected to two or more sets of process conditions may require two or more templates. Examples include (1) For shell and tube heat exchangers, use one template for the shellside and another for the tubeside. (2) For separators and distillation towers, use one template for the overhead section and another for the bottoms section. Towers with multiple feeds and/or draws usually require multiple templates. 

In the ES-EPA system, all of the abstract test plan components have templates. Some abstract components have only one template, while others have multiple templates. If a component has only one template, the same template must be used for all situations. In this case, the template is stored as a default value in the Template Slot of the frame. An example of such a template is shown in Figure 3. 

If a component has multiple templates, then the most suitable template for the situation must be chosen. In this case, multiple templates are represented as a set of production rules. The antecedents (the left hand side or the "if part") of this kind of rule represent the conditions for using that template, and the consequences (the right hand side or the "then part" of the rule) put the template in the Template Slot of the frame. Figure 4 shows an example of such rules. 

On Level 2, as a result of the execution of the Waste-Water-Task-Set-Rule, the Test-Plan-of-Sample of Level 1 is expanded into a set of less abstract components Sampling, Waste-Water-Task-Set and Report. The Report component is specific and cannot be expanded any more, but, Sampling and Waste-Water-Task-Set are still abstract components on this level. Both components have multiple templates as sets of production rules, and the most appropriate ones are applied. 

On Level 3, Sampling is changed to a specific task which is Sampling-in-Plastic-Bottle. Waste-Water-Task-Set is expanded into four task components. The IC-Test-Set has multiple templates. Among the template rules, the IC-Filter-Rule is selected because there are suspended solids in the sample. The ICP-Test-Set has only one template as a slot value of the frame which is shown in Figure 3. 

Many reviews and feature articles covering different aspects of this field have already appeared and the interested reader is encouraged for further reading to examine [1-5]. This review article will present recent developments in using block copolymers as templates for the synthesis of nanostructured materials. After an outline of the basic concepts of templating and the self-assembly of block copolymers, we will cover the synthesis of nanoparticles and mesoporous structures. At the end strategies for multiple templating and other future developments will be discussed. 

A structure-based alignment of multiple templates is more accurate than sequence-based alignments because of the emphasis placed on aligning defined secondary structure regions (a-helices and p-sheets). The structural alignment highlights evolutionarily conserved residues that are part of defined secondary structures, which thus provides a template sequence with additional secondary... 

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