Multiple-point grounding

When considering a distributed-parameter circuit such as an overhead or underground transmission line, it should be noted that single-point grounding and multiple-point grounding present entirely different phenomena. 

Multipoint grounding. A grounding system in which all electronic signal references are grounded at multiple points. 

FIGURE 10.262 Establishing a star-based, single-point ground system using multiple modular power centers. (After [15].)... 

Ground loop An undesirable circulating ground current in a circuit grounded via multiple connections or at multiple points. 

We will now discuss some very recent applications of the soft El ionization method for product detection in CMB experiments. We will first deal with two polyatomic reactions of ground state oxygen atoms with unsaturated hydrocarbons (acetylene and ethylene) these reactions are characterized by multiple reaction pathways and are of great relevance, besides being from a fundamental point of view, in combustion and atmospheric chemistry. 

Effect-based critical limits for soils and ground water have been derived or are under development in various countries for multiple purposes (Radojevic and Bashkin, 1999). These criteria can be used to assess the environmental quality of a site or area, to set priorities in control measures and to derive emission reduction goals. Most of the values are derived from comparable starting points such as protecting terrestrial population, water supply, food quality, and finally, animal and human health. 

Proper dose selection is essential for effective and efficient screen design and conduct. If insufficient data are available, a suitably broad range of doses must be evaluated (however, this technique is undesirable on multiple grounds, as has already been pointed out). 

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