Single-point grounding

Gas pipeline and its grounding (single-point grounding) total length n xq, where n = the number of insulated pipeline sections. 

You can use a single point calculation that determines energies for ground and excited states, using configuration interaction, to predict frequencies and intensities of an electronic ultraviolet-visible spectrum. 

A configuration interaction calculation is available only for single points when the reference ground state is obtained from an RHF calculation. 

How tall is the window in a building You can t go inside the building to take the measurements, but you have information about some distances outside. The distance from the top of the window and the bottom of the window to a single point on the ground are known numbers. 

Tlhe Sedan thermonuclear detonation in July 1962 created the largest A man-made crater ever produced by a single explosive. Approximately 7.6 million tons of earth were moved by this detonation to produce a crater with a radius of 608 feet and a depth of 323 feet (9). Fifty-eight percent of the crater mass or 4.8 million tons of desert alluvium were ejected from the crater during the detonation and distributed somewhat symmetrically around the ground zero point to a distance of 6000-7000 feet (1). 

The difference between a single point light source above the ground and a uniformly illuminated hemisphere is shown in Figure 3.17. 

FIGURE 5.11 Single-point grounding of sensitive equipment. 

Further examination of the excited states reveals a strong dependence of their energy upon solvent polarity that resembles the experimental trends. Single-point calculations on the relaxed structures of the ground and excited states in the simulated solvents hexane (e = 2.023), CCI4 (e = 2.229), benzene (e = 2.274), ether (e = 4.197), chloroform (e = 4.806), methylene chloride (e = 8.930), pyridine (e = 12.40), acetone (e — 20.56), ethanol (e = 24.55), nitrobenzene (e = 43.82), acetonitrile (e = 35.94) and dimethyl sulfoxide (e = 46.45) were performed in order to judge the solvent effects on the relative stabilities of the different states for 9b-d. 

The smallest spatial scale at which outdoor air pollution is of concern corresponds to the air volume affected by pollutant chemical emissions from a single point source, such as a smokestack (Fig. 4-24). Chemicals are carried downwind by advection, while turbulent transport (typically modeled as Fick-ian transport) causes the chemical concentrations to become more diluted. Typically, smokestacks produce continuous pollutant emissions, instead of single pulses of pollutants thus, steady-state analysis is often appropriate. At some distance downwind, the plume of chemical pollutants disperses sufficiently to reach the ground the point at which this occurs, and the concentrations of the chemicals at this point and elsewhere, can be estimated from solutions to the advection-dispersion-reaction equation (Section 1.5), given a knowledge of the air (wind) velocity and the magnitude of Fickian transport. 

Calder, K.L., 1957. Mathematical models for dosage and casualty coverage resulting from single point and line source releases of aerosol near ground level. Report BWL-TS-3, Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick. MD. 

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