Multiple/multifunctional catalysts

Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions With Multiple/Multifunctional Catalysts... 

Kinetics of Catalytic Reaaions With Multiple/Multifunctional Catalysts 449... 

Another important point in enzyme catalysis is that an enzyme is a multiple catalyst in vdiidi many catalytic groiqts cooperate intramolecularly (i). In other words, an enzyme is an intramolecular multiple catalyst or a multifunctional catalyst. On this aspect of ens me catalysis some investigations have been carried out through the cooperative functions of pendant catalytic groups of cyclic peptides. These enz mie... 

Multifunctional catalysts offer important opportunities for scientific advances and industrial applications since they are able to activate simultaneously different molecular species such as CO and H2. Of critical interest is the molecular structures of the catalyst responsible for such multiple activations, how the activated species interact, and how the reaction dynamics control activity and selectivity. 

Performing multiple reactions simultaneously in a single step offers possibilities for reduced waste and increased safety as well as manipulation of equilibria. This approach was inspired by the action of enzymes, which constitute interesting examples of multifunctional catalysts as they can promote multi-step reactions. In fact, enzymes immobilize mutually incompatible functional groups in a manner that maintains their independent functionality and, as such, are able to carry out multi-step reaction sequences with functionalities that would not be tolerated together in solution. 

Catalysts containing multiple types of active centres were also described. These catalysts may be used to perform several steps in a sequence or to alter the characteristics of a single reaction such as rate and selectivity by a synergic cooperation. This approach, which was inspired by the action of enzymes as the best examples of multifunctional catalysts, deserves future intensive studies since in the last few years it has brought a series of very exciting results. 

Where multiple functions are required, units contain double or triple media beds employing, for example, acrylic beads, ceramic beads, and catalysts. Water Wizard, Inc. offers a multifunctional unit triple bed under the name TRION-3 . ... 

Heterogeneous Catalyst Design by Multiple Functional Group Positioning in Organic-Inorganic Materials On the Route to Analogs of Multifunctional Enzymes... 

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