Multiple laser traps

Creating multiple laser traps acousto-optical deflectors... 

Combination of optical tweezers and microfluidic chip technologies based on dynamic fluid and dynamic light pattern, in which single and multiple laser traps are employed for cell transportation [12]... 

Using myosin manipulation or scanning probe methods, these ATP hydrolysis coupled steps have been resolved into multiple stochastic substeps (Fig. 12.Id). The laser trap method, however, has not been able to resolve substeps. We attribute this to the large scanning probe slowing the substeps to a time within our system s time resolution. The size of the substeps was 5.5 nm, corresponding to the interval of actin monomers on a protofilament in a two-stranded filament. Substeps occurred both in the forward and back-... 

Visscher, K., Brakenhoff G.J. and Krol, J.J. (1993) Micromanipulation by multiple optical traps created by a single fast scanning trap integrated with bilateral confocal scanning laser microscope. Cytometry, 14, 105—114. 

ABSTRACT Radiative forces on atoms can be used both to cool the atoms to temperatures on the order of microkelvlns and to trap them in a periodic array of microscopic potential wells formed by the interference of multiple laser beams, i.e., an optical lattice. The quantum motion of such lattice-trapped atoms can be studied by spectroscopic techniques. Atoms trapped in this way may be further manipulated so as to be cooled by adiabatic expansion, localized by sudden compression or driven into mechanical oscillations. 

Irwin J. J. and Reynolds J. H. (1995) Multiple stages of fluid trapping in the Stripa granite indicated by laser microprobe analysis of Cl, Be, I, K, U, and nucleogenic Ar, Kr, and Xe in fluid inclusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 355-369. 

The reactivity of the clusters can then be studied by various experimental techniques, including fast flow reactor kinetics in the postvaporization expansion region of a laser evaporation source [21, 22], ion flow tube reactor kinetics of ionic clusters [23, 24], ion cyclotron resonance [25, 26], guided-ion-beam [27], and ion-trap experiments [28-30]. Which of these techniques is applied depends on the charge state of reactants (neutral, cationic, anionic), on whether the clusters are size-selected before the reaction zone, on single or multiple collisions of the clusters with the reactants, on the pressure of a buffer gas if present, and on the temperature and collision energy of the reactant molecules. 

A wide variety of lasers have been used in combination with trapping mass spectrometers. Two lasers in particular are incorporated already into many commercial mass spectrometers the CO2 (X= 10.6 pm or 0.12 eV photon ) and nitrogen (X=337 nm or 3.68 eV photon ) lasers. The former is used for performing infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) experiments (mostly in ICR instruments, see Section 9.3) while the latter is used commonly in MALDl ionization sources. Other commonly-used lasers are Q-switched Nd YAG lasers (fundamental X= 1064 nm... 

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