Multiparametric analysis

Tonduli, L.S., Testylier, G., Pernot Marino, I., and Lallement, G., Triggering of soman-induced seizures in rats Multiparametric analysis with special correlation between enzymatic, neurochemical and electrophysiological data, J. Neuro. Res., 58, 464, 1999. 

Unlike FIA, SIA can be turned into a true multiparametric analysis system simply by using a switching valve with an appropriate number of channels to hold the different analytical reagents, delivery of which can be precisely programmed via the associated computer. In this respect, SIA is much closer to SEA in multiparametric capabilities, being able to determine up to 20 parameters per... 

Identical or different potentials can be applied to each electrode in an individually addressable array allowing multiparametric analysis while avoiding diffusional cross-talk. The development of an individually addressable microelectrode array places sophisticated demands on microfabrication technology. The conventional way to individually address each electrode of an array is to connect an electrode line to a corresponding bonding pad... 

Troiano, L. Eerraresi, R. Lugli, E. Nemes, E. Roat, E. Nasi, M. Pinti, M. Cossarizza, A. Multiparametric analysis of cells with different mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2, 2719-2727. 

Such ambiguity and also the low structural resolution of the method require that the spectroscopic properties of protein fluorophores and their reactions in electronic excited states be thoroughly studied and characterized in simple model systems. Furthermore, the reliability of the results should increase with the inclusion of this additional information into the analysis and with the comparison of the complementary data. Recently, there has been a tendency not only to study certain fluorescence parameters and to establish their correlation with protein dynamics but also to analyze them jointly, to treat the spectroscopic data multiparametrically, and to construct self-consistent models of the dynamic process which take into account these data as a whole. Fluorescence spectroscopy gives a researcher ample opportunities to combine different parameters determined experimentally and to study their interrelationships (Figure 2.1). This opportunity should be exploited to the fullest. 

Finally, the use of PAT should not be limited to existing processes and products but is especially attractive in the R D and scale-up of new processes and products. PAT is especially effective in scale-up. As PAT involves consideration of all monitored variables and not only an empirical selection of some of those variables, and since in-process monitoring techniques are normally multiparametric (e.g., near-infrared spectra of a whole sample), they will be more suited to capture scale effects present in the sample s matrix that show up clearly in a consolidated multivariate analysis of quality and operating variables, thus helping the skillful engineer or scientist to pinpoint and solve scale-up problems thus resulting in a much faster process prototyping and scale-up. 

Charpin, C., Andrac, L., Habib, M.-C., Vacheret, H., Xerri, L., Devictor, B., Lavaut, M. N., and Toga, M. 1989. Immunodetection in fine-needle aspirates and multiparametric (SAMBA) image analysis. Cancer 63 863-872. 

After image perception and statistical feature population analysis, the generated multiparametric assay readouts must be processed in an assay data management system (as part of the operational screening informatics infrastructure) such as described for HTS, but suitable to process many layers of readouts. 

Many of these dyes and their applications have been reviewed in detail elsewhere (50). Of note, probes are available for both UV and 488 nm excitation and many of these calcium probes (Fura-l, Indo-1, Calcium Green-2) have the advantage of utilizing a ratiometric fluorescence read-out. These dyes have been successfully used in multiparametric analyses, using both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, which has led to an enhanced understanding of the role of [Ca2+]i in apoptosis. Burchiel et al. (51) have recently published a review of multiparametric flow cytometric Ca2+ analysis. 

The highest throughput can be achieved by the combination of flow cytometry and cell sorting. This is a rapid method for the analysis of single cells as they flow in a liquid medium through the focus of a laser beam surrounded by an array of detectors. By simultaneous use of different fluorescent stains, flow cytometry can yield multiparametric data sets which are, however, often difficult to interpret [88]. These are then used to discriminate between different types of cells, a procedure that is suitable for rapid enrichment of certain types of cells from large populations. An important and potentially very useful contribution to flu-... 

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