Calcium-green

Calcium Green (2c), Calcium Orange (2d), and Calcium Crimson (2e) have been developed by Molecular Probes, Inc. they are suitable for fluorescence lifetime imaging of calcium.(71)... 

Figure 10.1. Absorption, emission spectra, and chemical structures of representative fluorescence sensors for calcium and pH. The excitation wavelength was 345 nm for Fura-2, 488 nm for Calcium Green, and 543 nm for Carboxy SNAFL-2, T = 20°C.

Abbreviations-. BCECF, 2, 7 -bii(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein [Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)J 2+, Bis(2,2 -b pyridine)(2,2 -bipyridine-4,4 dicarboxyHc acid)ruthenium(U) BOZ, Benzoxazine C., Carboxy CaC, Calcium Crimson CaG, Calcium Green CaO, Calcium Orange MgG, Magnesium Green SNAFL, seminaphtofluorescein SNARF, seminaphtorhodafluor. 

New probe, quantum yield, and lifetime changes are expected be similar to Calcium Green and Magnesium Green. 

Figure 10.7. Ca2+-dependent steady-state intensity ( ) and amplitudes of intensity decays of Calcium Green (in lOOmAfKCl, 10 rn.WMOPS, 0-10 mM CaEGTA, pH 7.2, 2()"C).

Figure 10,8. Ca2+-dependent phase angle and modulation at frequency of 151.8 MHz and mean lifetime for Calcium Green. Dashed line is a Ca2+-dependent steady-state intensity (from Figure 10.7).

Fig. 2. Structure of fluorapatite. Projection on the (001) cristallographic plane, perpendicular to the c axis of the hexagonal structure. (Reproduced by permission of lUCrfrom Ref. [2]). Purple Calcium green Fluorine red Oxygen yellow Phosphorus. (See Colour Plate Section at the end of this book.)...

Figure 16,6 Molecular structures of typical calcium PET (photoinitiated electron transfer) sensors (a) FLUO-3, (b) Calcium Green 1, and (c) Calcium Green 2 are commonly used in medical analytics...

Figure 15 One chain in the dimeric structure of grancalcin (1K94) is shown in light gray and the other in color. Each EF-hand motif is in a separate color, that is, from EFl -5 in blue, purple, cyan, orange, and dark green, respectively. Helices-4 and 7 are shared by two EF-hand motifs. The calcium (green ball) binds to the EF-1 and EF-3 in the colored chain and to the EF-3 in the gray chain...

Figure 8 (a) Combined elemental map in magnesium (red), calcium (green) and A1 (blue) X-rays of a type B... 

Figure 22 Combined elemental map in magnesium (red), calcium (green), and A1 K (blue) X-rays ((a), (b)) and backscattered electron images ((b), (d)) of two barred or skeletal olivine chondrules, and a combined X-ray map (e) and NiKa scanning map (f) of a zoned Fe,Ni metal grain with an enclosed cryptocrystalline chondrule (CC) in the CBb chondrite HaH 237 (Krot et al, 2002a). The chondrules, which contain forsteritic olivine (ol), low-calcium pyroxene (px), high-calcium pyroxene (cpx) and mesostasis (mes), lack rims and relict grains and clearly formed in a dust-free environment from total melts (reproduced by permission of University of Arizona on behalf of The Meteoritical...

Administer dietary calcium (green leafy vegetables, fresh oysters, and milk products) up to 1500 mg/day. 

Many of these dyes and their applications have been reviewed in detail elsewhere (50). Of note, probes are available for both UV and 488 nm excitation and many of these calcium probes (Fura-l, Indo-1, Calcium Green-2) have the advantage of utilizing a ratiometric fluorescence read-out. These dyes have been successfully used in multiparametric analyses, using both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, which has led to an enhanced understanding of the role of [Ca2+]i in apoptosis. Burchiel et al. (51) have recently published a review of multiparametric flow cytometric Ca2+ analysis. 

Figure 16 (a) The stmcture of calcineurin with suhunit A in cyan. The catalytic site containing a Zn-Fe hinding site is in dark red. Subunit B in orange contains four calcium (green) ions bound to the EF-hand motifs. Both N- and C-terminal domains of calcineurin B interact to the same extended a-helix of calcineurin A. (b) The inhibitor complex cyclosporin A (red) and cyclophilin (violet) interacts with both calcineurin subunits and blocks the catalytic site of calcineurin ... 

Figure 32 (a) The structure of a-lactalbumin with calcium (green ball) and an additional Zn (gray ball) binding (HTML) (b) The structure... 

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