Multifunctional Oligomeric

Lee, L., Kelly, R.E., Pastra-Landis, S.C., and Evans, D.R. (1985) Oligomeric structure of the multifunctional protein CAP that initiates pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 6802-6806. 

Dehydration into ethylene (over acid catalysts) [71-73] followed by oligomerization (via coordination or multifunctional catalysis) [74-77]. The main problem is the need to remove water from the feed and the vaporization of ethanol, making the process costly. 

Oligomeric structure of the multifunctional protein CAD that initiates pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 6802-6806. 

A distinctly different form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is found in the cytosol of animal tissues. The rat liver enzyme is a dimer composed of two identical subunits (Mr of each = 265,000) with one biotin per subunit. In contrast to the multienzyme complex in E. coli, the three functional parts of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat liver occur in a single multifunctional polypeptide. The enzyme, as a dimer, has very low activity. However, in the presence of citrate the enzyme oligomerizes to an active form, a polymer with a... 

Analogously, the use of m-divinylbenzene [108-57-6] has been reported (76). However, oligomerization occurs on treatment of divinylbenzene with butyllithium resulting in initiators with functionalities greater than two (68). From a commercial perspective this oligomerization and lack of precise functionality control is not necessarily a problem and useful multifunctional initiators have been prepared from the reaction of butylithium with varying amounts of divinylbenzene (commercial divinylbenzene contains 22% meta, 11%para, and 66% o-, / -, and%ethylvinylbenzene) (77) often in the presence of styrene or diene monomer to provide solubility (seeding technique). 

Among the variety of polymer thermosets, epoxies enjoy the most widespread use and are certainly the most studied. They are usually synthesized from oligomeric, end-functional epoxy resins and multifunctional curing agents or hardeners . In addition, catalysts sometimes are employed to speed the crosslinking reactions or allow them to take place at lower temperatures. 

The FRRPP process has been shown to produce oil recovery compositions comprising of multifunctional multipolymeric surfactants that contain monomeric, oligomeric, and/or polymeric units containing functional groups that are chemically and functionally similar to various small-molecule, oligomeric, and polymeric additives found in various stages of oil/bitumen recovery operations. In various prior... 

Compositematerialcontainingatleastonephasewithconstituentsofl-lOOmn in size can be termed nanocomposites. Nanoparticles commonly used in the nanocomposite include single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanofiber (CNF), graphite nanoplatelet (GNP), mont-morillonite (MMT), nanoclay and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). Other nanoparticles, such as SiOj, AljOj, TiOj and nanosilica are also used in the nanocomposite. The potential benefits of the nanoparticles for structural and multifunctional nanocomposites are sunamarized below. 

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