Multicystic

E2. Eden, J. A., Jones, J., Carter, G. D., and Alaghband-Zadeh, J., A comparison of follicular fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in normal dominant and cohort follicles, polycystic and multicystic ovaries. Clin. Endocrinol. 29, 327-336 (1988). 

Goldblum J, Hart WR. Localized and diffuse mesotheliomas of the genital tract and peritoneum in women—A clinicopatho-logic study of nineteen true mesothelial neoplasms, other than adenomatoid tumors, multicystic mesotheliomas, and localized fibrous tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995 19 1124-1137. 

Fig. 30.7a-c. Serous cystadenoma a Axial CT demonstrates a multicystic mass in the pancreatic head and neck, which (b) is better seen on the coronal MPR (arrows), c However, the internal structure of the lesion with multiple, small cysts is better appreciated on the axial T2-weighted MR image... 

In most cases renal agenesis can be regarded as a manifestation of a spectrum including hydronephrosis - cortical cysts (Potter type IV) - hypo-plastic/dysplastic or multicystic dysplastic kidneys - and renal agenesis depending on the time of the interaction of a disruption (e.g. obstruction). Dysplastic kidneys often vanish during life completely. 

Jeune syndrome (asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy) Small thorax, polydactyly, rhizomelic limb shortening, trident pelvis, biliary dysgenesis and pancreatic dysplasia Renal dysplasia, juvenile nephronopthisis, hydroureters, multicystic kidneys AR (2008500)... 

The kidney functions poorly and the condition usually necessitates a nephrectomy. The condition may mimic a giant multicystic dysplastic kidney. 

Differential diagnosis of UPJ obstruction should include multicystic dysplastic kidney (MDK), infundibular stenosis, and UVJ obstruction. This differential diagnosis is easy in most cases. In IVIDK, no... 

Ureterocele (ucele) represents cystic dilatation of the intravesical segment of the ureter. It is more common with duplex kidneys. When it is associated with a single system, the ucele is commonly intravesical. An ectopic ucele may also be associated with a multicystic dysplastic kidney (Fig. 5.32). On US, the ucele appears as a cystic structure within the bladder that is connected with the ureter (Fig. 5.33) the upper urinary tract is not necessarily obstructed or dilated. On IVU, after injection, the ucele appears as a filling defect within the bladder, especially on early films, and it opacifies progressively (Fig. 5.34). 

Fig. 5.32. Right side ureterocele associated with a multicystic dysplastic kidney mild dilatation of the left collecting system (30-s view of an IVU)...

The treatment is similar to that for ucele in duplex kidneys depending on the degree of secondary obstruction (Gonzales 1992). It is worth noting that a ucele may be associated with a multicystic dysplastic kidney. 

Cope RM, Snow BW (1991) Massive cystic ureteral diverticula in infancy. J Urol 146 575-577 CorralesJG, Elder JS (1996) Segmental multicystic kidney and ipsilateral duplication anomalies. J Urol 155 1398-1401 Cremin BJ (1986) A review of the US appearances of posterior urethral valves and ureteroceles. Pediatr Radiol 16 357-364... 

Eelson B, Cussen LJ (1975) The hydronephrotic type of unilateral congenital multicystic disease of the kidney. Semin Roentgenol 10 113-123... 

Differentiation of various similar entities can be challenging, indicating the need for a variety of imaging modalities. The known association with other pathology of the urinary tract may also call for additional studies, such as voiding cysto-urethrog-raphy (VCU) in babies with multicystic dysplastic... 

Multicystic renal dysplasia Obstructive renai dysplasia ... 

Avni EF, Thova Y, Van Gansbeke G et al (1985) The development of hypodysplastic kidney contribution of antenatal ultrasound. Radiology 154 123-126 Avni EF, Thoua Y, Laimand B et al (1986) Multicystic dys-plastic kidney evolving concepts, in utero diagnosis and post-natal follow-up by ultrasound. Ann Radiol 29 663-668... 

Greene LF, Feinzwig W, Dahlin D (1971) Multicystic dysplasia with special reference to the contralateral kidney. JUrol 105 482-487... 

Griscom NT, Vawter GF, Fellers FX (1975) Pelvoinfundibular atresia the usual form of multicystic kidney 44 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases. Semin Roentgenol 10 125-131 Hallmann N, Hjelt L, Ahvenainen EK (1956) Nephrotic syndrome in newborn and young infants. Ann Pediatr Fenn 2 227-241... 

Hattery R, King BF (1995) Technique and application of MR urography. Radiology 194 25-27 Helin 1, Persson PH (1986) Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities by ultrasound. Pediatrics 78 879-883 Hendry PJ, Hendry GMA (1991) Observations on the use of Doppler ultrasound in multicystic dysplastic kidneys. Pediatr Radiol 21 203-204... 

Huttunen NP (1976) Congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type. Study of 75 cases. Arch Dis Child 51 344-348 Jeon A, Cramer BC, Walsh E et al (1999) A spectrum of segmental multicystic renal dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol 29 309-315... 

Orejas G, Malaga S, Santos S et al (1992) Multicystic dysplas-tic kidney Absence of complications in patients treated conservatively. Child Nephrol Urol 12 35-39 Osathanondh V, Potter EL (1964) Pathogenesis of polycystic kidneys Survey of results of microdissection. Arch Path 77 510-519... 

Riccabona M, Ring E, Hausler M et al (1999) Prenatally recognised multicystic segmental nephroma. Z Geburtsh Neonatol 203 255-257... 

Sweeney WE, Chen Y, Nakanishi K et al (2000) Treatment of polycystic kidney disease with a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Kidney Int 57 33-40 Srivastava T, Garola RE, Hellerstein S (1999) Autosomal dominant inheritance of multicystic dysplastic kidney. Pediatr Nephrol 13 481-483... 

Contralateral VUR may be present in about 10%-20% of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (Fig. 11.29). VUR is also present in a significant number of other uropathies, i.e., horseshoe kidney, crossed fused kidney, UPJ, and UVJ obstruction. Therefore, in any anomaly of this type, a VCU should be advised for a complete workup (Atiyeh et al. 1992 Ring et al. 1993 Song et al. 1995 Avni et al. 1997 Cascio et al. 1999). 

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