Multicellular organisms hierarchical organization

Hierarchical Organization of a Multicellular Organism The Human Being... 

One of the first examples of mesoscopic-macroscopic two-dimensional ordering within a structure involved a bacterial superstructure formed from the co-aligned multicellular filaments of Bacillus subtilis that was used to template macroporous fibers of either amorphous or ordered mesoporous silica [82], The interfilament space was mineralized with mesoporous silica and, following removal of the organic, a macroporous framework with 0.5 pm wide channels remained. Mesoporous silica channel walls in this hierarchical structure were curved and approximately 100 nm in thickness. Dense, amorphous walls were obtained by replacing the surfactant-silicate synthesis mixture with a silica sol solution. The difference in the mode of formation between porous and non-porous wall structures was explained in terms of assembly from close-packed mesoporous silica coated bacterial filaments in the former compared to consolidation of silica nanoparticles within interfilament voids in the latter. 

This fact is most pronounced in the reproduction of hierarchic macrostructured organized silica gels. Multicellular fibers from Bacillus subtilis (Fig. 24) can serve as an example of scaled organic 3D templates. Nanosize magnetic (Fc304), semiconducting (CdS) or Ti02 particles were prepared first and then incorporated into... 

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