Filaments, bacterial

The last paper in this category describes monitoring of a submerged filamentous bacterial cultivation.38 Arnold et al. studied a 12-1 stirred tank where a strain of Streptomyces fradiae was used for fermentation. They followed ammonium, methyl oleate, glucose, and glutamate concentrations over time in the production of tylosin. 

Junker BH, Hesse M, Burgess B, Masurekar R Connors N, Seeley A, Early phase process scale-up challenges for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 119 241-277, 2004. 

Schmidt EW, Bewley CA, Faulkner DJ (1998) Theopalauamide, a Bicyclic Glycopeptide from Filamentous Bacterial Symbionts of the Lithistid Sponge Theonella swinhoei from Palau and Mozambique. J Org Chem 63 1254... 

Schmidt, E.W., Bewley C.A., and Faulkner, D.J., Theopalauamide, a bicyclic glycopeptide from filamentous bacterial symbionts of the lithistid sponge Theonella Swinhoei from Palau and Mozambique, J. Org. Chem., 63, 1254, 1998. 

Banner DW, Nave C, Marvin DA, Structure of the protein and DNA in fd filamentous bacterial virus, Nature, 289 814-816, 1981. 

Proteins can be broadly classified into fibrous and globular. Many fibrous proteins serve a stmctural role (11). CC-Keratin has been described. Fibroin, the primary protein in silk, has -sheets packed one on top of another. CoUagen, found in connective tissue, has a triple-hehcal stmcture. Other fibrous proteins have a motile function. Skeletal muscle fibers are made up of thick filaments consisting of the protein myosin, and thin filaments consisting of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. Muscle contraction is achieved when these filaments sHde past each other. Microtubules and flagellin are proteins responsible for the motion of ciUa and bacterial dageUa. 

For example, a screening of 416 strains (71 bacterial strains, 45 actinomycetes, 59 yeast, 60 basidiomycetes, 33 marine fungi, and 148 filamentous fungi) has been performed to look for microorganisms that display reductase activity in the absence of oxidase activity [8b]. A new microorganism, Diplogdasinospora grovesii IMI... 

FIGURE 45-5 Filaments extracted from the brains of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) or assembled from bacterially expressed human a-synuclein (SYN) were decorated by an anti-a-synuclein antibody. The gold particles conjugated to the second antibody appear as black dots. Scale bar lOOnm. 

Kajava, A. V., Cheng, N., Cleaver, R., Kessel, M., Simon, M. N., Willery, E., Jacob-Dubuisson, F., Locht, C., and Steven, A. C. (2001). Beta-helix model for the filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin of Bordetella pertussis and related bacterial secretory proteins. Mol. Microbiol. 42, 279-292. 

Another viral chromosome that can be used as a vector is that of the filamentous phage Ml3. The M13 chromosome is a single-stranded DNA molecule which when inserted into the bacterial host replicates outside the bacterial chromosome in the cytoplasm. The virus is then reassembled and released from the bacterial cell without cell lysis. 

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