Multi-polar chain

The multi-polar value chain is a less common. It is characterized by multiple power centers in different parts of the value chain (APEC 2012). There is no overall dominant lead firm with the power to determine the ultimate shape of final products. 

Several remedies have been suggested for improving the PB based pKa prediction methods. Most of them are based on strategies that combine conformational flexibility with the PB calculation. You and Bashford included multiple conformers by systematically scanning the side chain torsion angles [107], Alexov and Gunner used Monte-Carlo protocol to sample positions of hydroxyl and other polar protons [1], This method, referred to as the multi-conformation continuum electrostatic (MCCE), was later extended to include rotamers for residues that have strong electrostatic... 

To ensure high and reproducible recovery, it is necessary to treat the column sorbent with a solvent. For cartridges, in which the sorbent is based on bonded silica gel, this procedure is necessary as the dry sorbent is pre-packed, and in this condition the active side chains are not available for interaction with the components. For non-polar and multi-bed phases, the sorbent must in some circumstances be preconditioned with several solvents, such as methanol followed by water or a buffer solution. The organic solvent used here has the function of solvating the bound functional groups and of activating the hydrocarbon chains. Also, organic residues are removed from the sorbent. Water or a buffer solution is then added to prepare the column for the aqueous sample. 

While the early reports of intermediate phases concerned systems with reversed curvature (83, 84), these were for surfactants where some residual short-range order in the polar groups was probably present. There are few definitive reports of fully molten intermediate phases with reversed curvatures. In fact, the pattern of how intermediate phases replace the normal bicontinuous cubic phase as the alkyl chain size increase only became recognized as systematic studies on homologous series were carried out (46, 76). Here, it has required a combination of microscopy, multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to elucidate the structures. Such studies on reversed phases have yet to be carried out, particularly where small variations in alkyl chain structure are made. 

It was also reported that photoreactivity of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers can align liquid crystals both in a parallel mode or perpendicularly, depending on the degree of the photoreaction of the polymers. Presumably this particular polymer can multi-photoalign the liquid crystal pattern without a change of the direction of the linearly polarized UV light. The chemical structure of such an aligning polymer is depicted as follows ... 

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