Multi-drug resistant cancers

Avner BS, Fialho AM, Chakrabarty AM (2012) Overcoming drug resistance in multi-drug resistant cancers and microorganisms a conceptual framework. Bioengineered 3 262-270... 

Confocal scanning microspectrofluorometry reveals specific anthracycline accumulation in cytoplasmic organelles of multi-drug resistant cancer cells. Journal of Histochemistry Cytochemistry, 46 (12), 1369-1376. ). 

Szakacs G, Paterson JK, Ludwig JA et al (2006) Targeting multi drug resistance in cancer. Nat Rev Drag Discov 5 219-234... 

PETERSON G and BARNES s (1991) Genistein inhibition of the growth of hiunan hreast cancer cells independence from estrogen receptors and the multi-drug resistance gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 179 (1) 661-7. 

Cyclopamine also interferes with cholesterol metabolism that results in decreased cholesterol synthesis and the accumulation of late biosynthetic intermediates. Cyclopamine was evaluated as an inhibitor of multi-drug resistance in tumor cells. Intrinsic or acquired resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs is a major cause of failure of chemotherapy. Both cyclopamine and the spirosolane alkaloid tomatidine from tomatoes act as potent and elfective chemosensitizers in multidrug-resistant cells (Lavie et ah, 2001). Therefore, plant steroidal alkaloids, such as cyclopamine and tomatidine, or their analogs, may serve as chemosensitizers in combination with chemotherapy and conventional cytotoxic drugs for treating multidrug-resistant cancers. 

The use of so-called reversal agents to block P-gp in order to decrease multi-drug resistance, will therefore also affect the elimination rate of those anti-cancer agents that are substrates for this transport system [19]. 

Buckingham, L.E. Balasubramanian, M. Safa, A.R. Shah, H. Komarov, P. Emanuele, R.M. Coon, J.S. Reversal of multi-drug resistance in vitro by fatty acid-PEG-fatty acid diesters. Int. J. Cancer 1996, 65 (1), 74—79. 

Wilson W, Berg S, Kang K. Phase Fll study of Taxol. 96 hour infusion in refractory lymphoma and breast cancer pharmacodynamics and analysis of multi drug resistance (mdr-1). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993 335 134. 

Minderman H, Wrzosek C, Cao S, Utsugi T, Kobunai T, Yamada Y, Rustum YM. Mechanism of action of the dual topoisomerase-I and -II inhibitor TAS-I03 and activity against (multi)drug resistant cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000 45(I) 78-84. 

Efforts to promote medical applications of liposomes have permitted the development of several new drug formulations applicable to a broad range of therapeutics. One of the main areas of liposomes application is cancer therapy, A great number of scientists worldwide have focused their work on drug discovery or the improvement of the efficacy and reduction of the toxicity of known drugs. Two of the main problems in cancer chemotherapy are the toxicity of the known anticancer drugs and the multi drug resistance of certain cancer cells. 

Bennis, S. Chapey, C. Couvreur, R Robert, J. Enhanced cytotoxicity of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanospheres against multi-drug-resistant tumour cells in culture. Eur. J. Cancer 1994, 30A, 89-93. 

Rahman, A., Husain, S. R., Siddiqui, J., Verma, M., Agresti, M., Center, M., Safa, A. R., Glazer, R. I. Liposome mediated modulation of multi-drug resistance in human HL-60 cells. J. Natl Cancer. Inst. 1992, 84, 1909-1915. 

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