Muller glial cells

Caicedo A, Espinosa-Heidmann DG, Pina Y, Hernandez EP, Cousins SW (2005) Blood-derived macrophages infiltrate the retina and activate Muller glial cells under experimental choroidal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 81 38-47. 

A fully developed retina consists of six neuron types and the Muller glial cells as shown in this schematic representation. A, Amacrine cells B, bipolar cells C, cone photoreceptor cells G, ganglion cells H, horizontal cells I, interplexiform cells M, Muller cells PE, pigment epithelium R, rod photoreceptor cell INL, inner nuclear layer IPL, inner plexiform layer ONL, outer nuclear layer Ph, photoreceptors RPE, RPE (Reproduced with permission from the publishers of Sharma and Ehinger, 2003)... 

Puro DG, Yuan JP, Sucher NJ (1996) Activation of NMDA receptor-channels in human retinal Muller glial cells inhibits inward-rectifying potassium currents. Vis Neurosci 73 319-326. 

Physiology of Bergmann Glial Cells Thomas Muller and Helmut Kettenmann... 

Muller cell A radial glial cell that is the predominant glial cell type in retina. 

Muller T, Moller T, Berger T, Schnitzer J, Kettenmann H (1992b) Calcium channel entry through kainate receptors and resulting potassium channel blockade in Bergmann glial cells. Science 256 1563-1566. 

Muller T, Grosche J, Ohiemeyer C, Kettenmann H (1993) NMDA-activated currents in Bergmann glial cells. Neurorepoa 4 671-674. 

Fig. 4-36. Survey picture of cross section through the rabbit retina. From top to bottom choroid layer and pigment epithelium (PE) layer of the outer segments (OS) of the receptor cells the inner segments (IS) outer nuclear layer (ON) outer plexiform layer (OP) inner nuclear layer (IN) inner plexiform layer (IP) and ganglion cell layer (GL), represented by a single ganglion cell embedded in the foot processes of the Muller cells, the equivalent of the glial cells in the central nervous system. Note the extensive convergence in the retinal circuity in this part of rabbit retina, reflected in the successive reduction of conducting elements in the direction of receptor cells to ganglion cells, x 1,700. (From Sjostrand)...

Fig. 3. Visual cycle retinoids and localion of retinoid-binding proteins in the pigment epithelium, interphotoreceptor matrix and distal retina. Key AT, ali-trans configuration M. Milller cell—a glial cell that spans the retina from the vitreous surface to the external limiting membrane. This membrane is formed by the Muller cell ciliary processes that project into the space filled with...

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