MS2 Bacteriophages

D Souza, D. H. and Su, X. (2010). Efficacy of chemical treatments against murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, and MS2 bacteriophage. Foodbome Pathog. Dis. 7, 319-326. 

Pathogens were not included in this study. However, for MF this may not be achieved under all operating conditions as reported byjacangelo et al. (1995a). Log removals of the virus MS2 bacteriophages (0.025 um) reported were as low as 0.4 (60%) for MF (0.2 fxm), while an UF membrane (100 kDa) removed > 6 log. Removal of Ciyptosporidium panmm (4 to 6 pm in diameter) and Giardia muris (7 to 14 pm) cysts was complete (> 6 log, below detection limit) by both MF and UF. The removal of viruses is thus a criteria which needs to be considered in the process choice. 

TABLE 9.5. IQY for E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage Ti02-black light mediated inactivation... 

Stuait, J., Salaices, M., Valvano M. and de Lasa H., 2003 Photocatalytic inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage andE.coli. Kinetics modeling and quantum efficiency. Proc. 18 North American Catalysis Symp. pp247... 

A dramatic effect on Pseudomonas fouling was observed when the silver nanoparticles were immobilized on a thin-film composite PA membrane (Lee et al. 2007). SEM measurements confirmed that all Pseudomonas cells were made inactive on the modified-membrane surface, while water fluxes and salt rejections remained unchanged. High antibacterial activity toward E. coli and 5. aureus was also found with CA membranes modified with Ag nanoparticles (Chou et al. 2005). However, a significant loss of silver was found as a result of water permeation, and the antibacterial activity of the membranes disappeared after 5 days (Son et al. 2004). The loss of the entrapped silver nanoparticles was also reported for modified PS membranes, which have a high antimicrobial activity toward E. coli, P. mendocina, and the MS2 bacteriophage (Zodrow et al. 2009). 

MS2 Bacteriophage and Oocyst Chaiienge Test This test doses high concentrations of microorganisms into the feed and measures the particulate levels in the product. This is basically a research tool and permits the calculation of log removal values for the specific organism (DWI, 2001). 

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