Giardia muris

J, low efficiency towards inactivation of parasites, such as Giardia muris and Cryptosporidium oocysts (Bersillon, 1999), as is the case with ozonation (Renn-ecker et al., 2000) ... 

Another and more convincing explanation for this discrepancy of previous and recent studies related to the inactivation of Cryptosporidium refers to the methods of viability testing. So, it seems that in vitro viability assays (chemical excystation and vital stains) that have been used previously may have significantly underestimated the inactivation efficacy of UV-C irradiation of the parasites compared with in vivo infectivity assays applied in recent studies using neonatal mouse models (Craik et al, 2001). This was also demonstrated by UV inactivation of Giardia muris cysts using MP Hg lamps (Craik et al., 2000). 

In conclusion, the resent research by Clancy et al. (2000, 1998), Bukhari et al. (1999) and Craik et al. (2001) has convincingly demonstrated that UV-C is highly effective at inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (and Giardia muris cysts)... 

Craik SA, Finch GR, Bolton JR, Belosevic M (2000) Inactivation of Giardia Muris Cysts Using Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet Radiation in Filtered Drinking Water, Wat. Res. 34, No. 18 4325-4332. 

S. A. Craik, G. R. Finch, J. R. Bolton, andM. Belosevic, Inactivation of Giardia muris cysts using medium-pressure ultraviolet radiation in filtered drinking water. Water Research 34, 4325-4332 (2000). 

Andre F, Gillon J, Andre C, Lafont S, Jourdan G (1983) Pesticide-containing diets augment anti-sheep red blood cell nonreaginic antibody responses in mice but may prolong murine infection with Giardia muris. Environ Res, 32 145-154. 

Pathogens were not included in this study. However, for MF this may not be achieved under all operating conditions as reported byjacangelo et al. (1995a). Log removals of the virus MS2 bacteriophages (0.025 um) reported were as low as 0.4 (60%) for MF (0.2 fxm), while an UF membrane (100 kDa) removed > 6 log. Removal of Ciyptosporidium panmm (4 to 6 pm in diameter) and Giardia muris (7 to 14 pm) cysts was complete (> 6 log, below detection limit) by both MF and UF. The removal of viruses is thus a criteria which needs to be considered in the process choice. 

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