MRNA processing

There has been an extensive search for additional opioid receptor genes with homology to p, 8, and k receptors which was, however, unsuccessfiil. It is likely, therefore, that the functional properties of the subdivision of p, 8, and k receptors as well as that of the e and X receptors results from alternate mRNA processing, posttranslational modification of the receptor, and/ or from the formation of homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes. 

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), a subset of these RNAs, are significantly involved in mRNA processing and gene regulation. Of the several snRNAs, Ul, U2, U4, U5, and U6 are involved in intron removal and the processing of hnRNA into mRNA (Chapter 37). The U7 snRNA may be involved in production of the correct 3 ends of histone mRNA—which lacks a poly(A) tail. The U4 and U6 snRNAs may also be required for poly(A) processing. 

SmoUce, C.D., Martin, V.J.J., and Keasling, J.D., Controlling the metabolic flux through the carotenoid pathway using directed mRNA processing and stabilization, Metabol. Eng. 3, 313, 2001. 

Gotoh, I., Uekita, T., and Seiki, M. (2007) Regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of human aci-reduc-tone dioxygenase (hADIl) and its potential role in mRNA processing. Genes Cells 12, 105-117. 

Answer D. At the 3 border of exon 2 with intron 2, a splice donor site is present. A mutation could cause exon skipping. Choices A, B, and C would not affect transcription or mRNA processing. 

Cheng, D., Cote, J., Shaaban, S. and Bedford, M.T. (2007) The arginine methyltransferase CARMl regulates the coupling of transcription and mRNA processing. Molecular Cell, 25, 71-83. 

Protocols, edited by Richard A. Shimkets, 2004 257. mRNA Processing and Metabolism Methods and Protocols, edited by Daniel R. Schoenberg, 2004... 

Proteomics is the assessment protein expression levels and can be used to monitor mRNA processing and posttranslational modifications [146, 147]. Metabonomics is... 

The molecular characterization of different 5-HT receptor subtypes has simplified fhe elucidation of gene transcription, mRNA processing, and translation as well as intracellular trafficking and posttranslational modification relevant to synaptic and postreceptor signaling. Transcriptional control regions... 

The phosphorylation of the CTD plays an additional role in the maturation of the pre-mRNA and in the formation of the mRNA processing factory. For this reason,... 

Tubulin is a well-studied example of the interference of gene products with the stability of mRNA. Processed tubulin binds as a dimer to the growing tubulin chain on the ribosome. The binding of the tubulin facilitates the attack by endonucleases on the ribo-some-boimd tubulin mRNA and thereby initiates the degradation of the mRNA (Fig. 1.52). The goal of this regulation process is to prevent the formation of excess tubulin. If tubulin is in excess, then the degradation of its own mRNA is induced and the synthesis of more tubulin is prevented. 

Proudfoot, N.J., Furger, A., Dye, M.J. (2002) Integrating mRNA processing with transcription. Cell 108, 501-512. 

RNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA and DNA Updates coverage on mechanisms of mRNA processing Adds a subsection on the 5 cap of eukaryotic mRNAs... 

Removal of internal sequences in eukaryotes is not restricted to mRNA processing. It also occurs in the processing of rRNA and some tRNAs. In tRNAs the mechanism appears to be different in that the signal for splicing originates not from the primary sequence but from the secondary or tertiary structure of the pre-tRNA. 

Bentley, D. (1999) Coupling RNA polymerasae II withpre-mRNA processing. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 11, 347-351. 

Huang, Y., Winder, K.M. and Carmichael, G.G. (1999) Intronless mRNA transport elements may affect multiple steps of pre-mRNA processing. EMBO J., 18,1642-1652. 

Figure 2.2 Transcription, mRNA processing, and translation. DNA sense strand is designated by bold lines, hnRNA and mRNA by thinner lines. Exons are shown as rectangles and introns as the intervening spaces between exons. (From An Introduction to Biochemical Toxicology, 3rd edition, E. Hodgson and R. C. Smart, eds., Wiley, 2001.)...

Gene structure and any of the processes involved in DNA expression including transcription, mRNA processing and translation and protein synthesis (Figure 2.2) can all be examined by molecular techniques. In toxicology this may include toxic effects on these processes or the role of the processes in the mechanism of toxic action. 

Rodriguez, J. R., Pikielny, C. W., and Rosbash, M. (1984). In vivo characterization ofyeast mRNA processing intermediates. Cell 39, 603-610. 

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