MR contrast agents

Laurent, S., Boutry, S., Mahieu, I., Vander Elst, L. and Muller, R.N. (2009) Iron oxide based MR contrast agents from chemistry to cell labeling. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (35), 4712-4727. 

Annexin V-functionalized crosslinked iron oxide (CLIO) was designed as a contrast agent for MRI, which was additionally labeled with Cy5.5 to allow colocalization with optical imaging techniques [98]. Alternatively, conjugation of multiple Gd-DTPA molecules or SPIO particles to the C2 domain of synaptotagmin I was shown to allow the detection of apoptotic cells in vitro [99]. Zhao et al. [100] were the first to apply a C2 domain-functionalized SPIO and showed very promising results for future in vivo applications of MR contrast agents for the detection of apoptotic sites. 

Shukla RB, Kumar K, Weber R, Zhang X, Tweedle M (1997) Alteration of electronic relaxation in MR contrast agents through de-novo ligand design. Acta Radiol Suppl. 38(S412) 121-123. 

To prove the efficiency of the Gd-DTPA-PL-NGPE liposomes as MR contrast agents, we performed a lymph node visualization in rabbits using... 

Tilcock, C. Liposomal paramagnetic MR contrast agents. In Gregoriadis, G., editor. Liposome Technology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1993, vol 2, 65-87. 

Song Y, Kohlmeir EK, Meade TJ (2008) Synthesis of multimeric MR contrast agents for cellular imaging. J Am Chem Soc 130 6662-6663... 

Hamm, B., Staks, T., Miihler, A., et al. (1995) Phase I clinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a hepatobiliary MR contrast agent safety, pharmacokinetics, and MR imaging. Radiology, 195, 785-792. 

Weinmann HJ, Ebert W, Misselwitz B, Schmitt-Willich H. Tissue-specific MR contrast agents. Eur. J. Radiol. 2003 46 33-44. 

Tromsdorf UI, Bruns OT, Sahnen SC, Beisiegel U, Weller H (2009) A highly effective, nontoxic T1 MR contrast agent based on ultrasmall PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles. Nano Lett 9 4434... 

Unger E, Shen DK, Wu GL, Fritz T (1991) Liposomes as MR contrast agents pros and cons. Magn Reson Med 22(2) 304-308... 

Kabalka G, Buonocore E, Hubner K, Moss T, Norley N, Huang L (1987) Gadolinium-labeled liposomes targeted MR contrast agents for the liver and spleen. Radiology 163(l) 255-258... 

Heat-activated liposomal MR contrast agent initial in vivo results in rabbit Kver and kidney. Radiology 230(3) 743-752... 

FIGURE 22.17 Calcium-activated MR contrast agent. Proposed conformational change of a Ca - --activated MR contrast agent. The addition of calcium induces a conformational shift allowing water access to Gd, and a change in observed relaxivity. (From Meade et al, 2003. Copyright 2003 with permission from Elsevier. ... 

Material surfaces MR contrast agents Radtolabels Nanocrystals Enzymes... 

T. Meade et al. Cell permeability of MR contrast agents coupled to cell transport vehicles. Mol Img 5,485-497,... 

Hayne L, Maravilla K, Cohen W, Gerlach R. Gd-DTPA-BMA, a new nonionic MR contrast agent preliminary clinical results and comparison with Magnevist. Radiology 1989 173 537-540. 

C. W. Jung and P. Jacobs, Physical and chemical-properties of superparamagnetic iron-oxide MR contrast agents—ferumoxides, ferumoxtran, ferumoxsil, Magn. Reson. Imaging, 13 (1995) 661—674. 

H. Hifiimi, S. Yamaoka, A. Tanimoto, D. Citterio, and K. Suzuki, Gadolinium-based hybrid nanoparticles as a positive MR contrast agent, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128 (2006) 15090-15091. 

Intracellular Contrast Agent. Allen and Meade describe a Gd(III)-based MR contrast agent conj ungated to poly arginine that is able to permeate cell membranes. 

---