Mowiol

Commercial polyfvinyl alcohol) (e.g. Gelvatol, Elvanol, Mowiol and Rhodo-viol) is available in a number of grades which differ in molecular weight and in the residual acetate content. Because alcoholysis will cause scission of branched polymers at the points where branching has proceeded via the acetate group, polyfvinyl alcohol) polymer will have a lower molecular weight than the poly (vinyl acetate) from which it is made. 

Trade names examples Elvanol, Gohsenol, Mowiol, Polyviol, Rhodoviol... 

Airvol Alcotex Elvanol Gelvatol Gohsenol Lemol Mowiol, Polyvinol PVA vinyl alcohol polymer. 

The monodisperse silica spheres were obtained by the controlled hydrolysis of TEOS in ethanol in presence of liquid ammonia [4]. The final size of the spheres depends on the concentration in liquid ammonia, the hydrolysis ratio and the temperature. Slabs (diameter 25 mm and thickness 2 mm) were obtained by pressing the monodisperse silica sphere powders at 300 MPa and 300°C with Mowioll as binding agent. The thermal treatment destroys the organic radicals present on the surface of the spheres. Samples with the following particle diameters were prepared SI = 8 nm, S2 = 16 nm, S3 = 25 nm, S4 = 40 nm, S5 = 64 nm, S6 = 102 nm, S7 = 206 nm. 

After the final wash, the coverslips are drained of excess liquid and are mounted by inverting onto 5 pil Mowiol mountant (Cal-biochem) containing p-phenylenediamine (1 mg/ml) as an antifading agent. 

Mowiol. [Hoechst Celanese/Fine Chem.] Polyvinyl alcohol resins for paper, adhesives, coatings, textiles, cosmetics, polymerization, films. 

In a 2-liter reaction kettle equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen inlet and outlet tubes, reflux condenser, and an addition funnel, under nitrogen a solution of 500 ml of distilled water containing 7.5 gm of Mowiol 70/88 [a grade of poly(vinyl alcohol), probably consisting of 88% hydrolyzed... 

Commercial products include Airvol (Air Products), Elvanol (Du Pont), Ertivinol (ERT), Gohsenol (Nippon Gohsei), Mowiol (Clariant), Polyviol (Wacker), Poval (Kuraray, Denka, Shinet-Su), and Rhodoviol (Rhone-Poulenc). 

ACRONYM. TRADE NAMES PVA, Vinol, Airvol (Air Products and Chemicals), Elvanol (du Pont), Gelvatol (Monsanto), Mowiol (Hoechst), Poval (Kuraray, Japan), Gohsenol (Nippon Gohsei, Japan), CCP (Chang Chun, Taiwan). 

Cellulose PVA Mowiol 8-88, blend film cast from N-methyl-2- X-ray, dielectric and dynamic mechanical measurements homogeneous with >60 wt% of cellulose, no crystallinity (78)... 

Wash each coverslip twice in 0.1% saponin-PBS, once in PBS, and finally once in water to remove salts. Drain all liquid onto a Kimwipe and mount coverslips on microscopy slides by inverting them (cells facing down) on lO-pL drops of Mowiol mounting medium. Allow at least 2 h of polymerization before viewing samples on an epifluorescence microscope. 

Mowiol is extremely slow to dissolve and may require overnight stirring before heating up to approcimately 50 °C to complete its dissolution. 

Mount coverslips, cells down, on clean glass slides using 5-10 pL Mowiol (see Note 6) per coverslip. 

Place glycerol in 50-ml disposable conical centrifuge tube. Add Mowiol (Calbi-ochem. La Jolla, CA) and stir thoroughly. Add H2O and leave for 2 hr at room temperature. Add Tris and incubate at approximately SS C until the Mowiol has largely dissolved (takes several days) stir occasionally. Clarify by centrifugation at 1000-2000 g for 20 min and aliquot the supernatant into glass vials with screw caps, about 1 ml in each. Store at —20°C. The Mowiol solution is stable at this temperature for at least 12 months. Once defrosted, it is stable at room temperature for 1 month. 

The fate of other nuclear components can concomitantly be analyzed using double-label immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells were fixed and air dried (see above), then incubated with antiguinea pig-specific secondary antibodies conjugated to FITC (10 min), and afterward washed in PBS (10 min). In a second step, the cover slips were incubated for 20 min with an antibody specific for a different nuclear protein (for example, a mouse monoclonal antibody against nucleolar protein fibrillarin). After washing in PBS (10 min), the cells were incubated with an appropriate secondary antibodies (in this case, antimouse-speciflc antibodies) conjugated to Texas Red (Dianova) for 10 min. For the visualization of chromatin, specimens were stained with the DNA-specific fluo-rochrome Hoechst 33258 (5 jug/ml in PBS) simultaneously with the secondary antibody. Finally, the cover slips were washed for 10 min in PBS, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded in Mowiol (Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany). 

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