Mouse pregnancy block

Li C., Kaba H. and Seto K. (1994). Effective induction of pregnancy block by electrical-stimulation of the mouse accessory olfactory-bulb coincident with prolactin surges. Neurosci Lett 176, 5-8. 

Peele, P., Salazar, I., Mimmack, M., Keveme, E. B. and Brennan, P. A. (2003) Low molecular weight constituents of male mouse urine mediate the pregnancy block effect and convey information about the identity of the mating male. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 622-8. 

Male mouse urine applied directly to the external nares of the female produces pregnancy block (Dominic, 1964). In mice, the vomeronasal mediates this block (Bellringer etal., 1980). The pregnancy-block pheromone of the male may be a product of androgen metabolism, and not one of androgen-dependent... 

The urine of the mouse is the source of estrus synchronization, pregnancy block, group and individual recognition, sexual attraction, aggregation, histocompatibility-related mating preference, fear and stress (293). 

When a newly impregnated female mouse is confined with a strange male, that is a male which has an odor different from that of her mate, implantation failure and a rapid return to estrus is observed. This pregnancy-blocking is not observed if the female is exposed to a castrated male, but treatment of the male with testosterone restores his production of pregnancy-blocking pheromone (342). 

Marchlewsbca-Koj (330) fractionated male mouse urine and found that the pregnancy-blocking pheromone is a peptide or a substance bound with the peptide fraction. 

Bruce, H. (1959) An exteroceptive block to pregnancy in the mouse. Nature 184, 105. 

Bloch, S. (1974) Observations on the ability of the stud male to block pregnancy in the mouse. J. Reprod. Fertil. 38, 469—471. 

Bruce, H.M. (1960) A block to pregnancy in the mouse caused by proximity of strange males. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1,96-103. 

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