Mountain water

Chen et al. [24] provide a good review of Al techniques used for modeling environmental systems. Pongracz et al. [25] presents the application of a fuzzy-rule based modeling technique to predict regional drought. Artificial neural networks model have been applied for mountainous water-resources management in Cyprus [26] and to forecast raw-water quality parameters for the North Saskatchewan River [27]. 

Iliadis LS, Maris E (2007) An artificial neural network model for mountainous water-resources management the case of Cyprus mountainous watersheds. Environ Modell Softw 22 1066-1072... 

Mountain water resources provide vital services for nature, the economy, food production, and human health and well-being. Mountain water functions comprise a wide spectrum from economic uses like energy production, life support such as... 

Demands on mountain water resources are driven by local, regional or supra-regional interests and the different interests can be in conflict. For example, hydropower generation and river correction are often in sharp conflict with the... 

A first approach was based on discharge gauge data from 20 case studies around the world to produce a representative assessment of mountain waters in different climatic conditions [73]. A study of the hydrological characteristics of these basins... 

Further increasing our knowledge about mountain water resources will help us to understand the interaction between mountains and lowlands. It is this interaction that needs to be accorded high priority in terms of watershed management and in the interests of mitigating any conflicts that may arise over the distribution of this precious resource. 

The aim of this book is to extensively portray the highly diverse attributes of mountain waters. With this aim, we hope to not only convey a sound scientific insight but also to demonstrate the paramount importance of mountain waters for future ecological and societal development. 

The book starts off with a synthesis on mountain water features and management concerns. This chapter summarizes and complements the contents in the following chapters, and hence aims at transmitting a comprehensive view on the diverse mountain water issues, in general. The book is then divided into four parts comprising 13 chapters ... 

Part 1, Alpine Water Resources, examines the hydrological basics, the impacts of climate change in the Swiss Alps, and human interventions in mountain waters. Part 11, Biogeochemistry and Pollution of Alpine Waters, deals with the chemistry of mountain rivers, the effects of acid deposition on high elevation lakes, the glaciers as archives of atmospheric deposition, and the occurrence of persistent organic contaminants. 

Johnson T. M. and DePaolo D. J. (1994) Interpretation of isotopic data in groundwater systems model development and application to Sr isotope data from Yucca Mountain. Water Resour. Res. 30, 1571-1587. 

Studies of the sorption of plutonium are complicated by the high redox reactivity of plutonium. Sorption of Pu(V) by pure aluminosilicates and oxyhydroxide phases is usually characterized by initial rapid uptake followed by slow irreversible sorption and may represent a reductive uptake mechanism catalyzed by the electrical double layer of the mineral surface (Turner et al., 1998 Runde et al., 2002a). In Yucca Mountain waters, the ranges for Pu(V) uptake by hematite, montmorillonite, and silica colloids were 4.9xl0 mLg to 1.8 X 10 mL g 5.8 X 10 mL and 8.1 X 10 mL g, respectively. These are much higher than those observed for Np(V) in the same waters as described previously. High surface redox reactivity for... 

Careless Campers Contaminate Mountain Water was a recent headline in the newspaper. The article went on ... 

KADLECEK In mountain water there are moderately high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, and in rain water over clean areas they maintain moderate levels, and over urban areas, the hydrogen peroxide levels drop to only a few parts per billion. 

Flinn, A.D., Weston, R.S., Bogert, C.L. (1916). Waterworks handbook. McGraw-Hill New York. Flinn, A.D. (1918). New York city s Catskill mountain water supply. Professional memoirs. US Army Corps of Engineers Washington DC. 

In the mountains, water in an open container will boil when... 

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