Morphology size distribution

The accuracy of using imaging to measure morphological size distributions in multicomponent samples depends on several factors. First and for most, the effective... 

The morphology, size distribution, and composition of the metal nanoparticles as well as magnetic properties of Fe-, Co-, and Ni-containing composites and electric properties of polyethylene-based composites have been studied. 

In almost all industrial crystallizations, both nucleation and growth contribute to the final result (purity, morphology, size distribution) in a major way. All growth processes, emphasized in this book as being desirable for maximum control and robustness in many or most situations, still require an understanding of the nucleation properties of the system being studied in order to minimize the contribution of nucleation to the final result. 

Oxidation state and structure of Fe-containing minerals Particle number, morphology Particle morphology, size distribution... 

Particle morphology, size distribution Particle size and shape with the small angle option for particle size distribution in the range of 0.1-100 pm Average hydrodynamic radius of particles <1 pm, upper size cut-off for polydisperse samples from multiangle measurements... 

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy has been used most extensively for polymer research, e.g. for bulk characterisation of polymeric materials with chemical sensitivity at a spatial resolution of 50 nm [739], STXM has also been used for the analysis (morphology, size distributions, spatial distributions and quantitative chemical compositions) of copolymer polyol-reinforcing particles in polyurethane [740], Pitkethly [741] has reviewed the role of microscopy in the evaluation of fibre/matrix interfacial properties and micromechanical characteristics of fibre-reinforced plastic composites. 

Compared to the MW-assisted method [11], Bi-YIG nanopartides were successfully synthesized by the molten salt method in NaCl-KCl flux at 650 °C. XRD, SEM, dynamic light scattering, VSM, and Faraday rotation meter were used to characterize the phase, morphology, size distribution, magnetic properties, and Faraday rotation... 

At first, ICP analyses showed comparable Au concentrations (0.045-0.05 mg/1). The corresponding changes in the morphology, size distribution and stability of the prepared colloidal AuNPs were characterized by different methods as described below. 

Particle Morphology, Size, and Distribution. Many fillers have morphological and optical characteristics that allow these materials to be identified microscopically with great accuracy, even in a single particle. Photomicrographs, descriptions, and other aids to particle identification can be found (1). 

Characterization. Ceramic bodies are characterized by density, mass, and physical dimensions. Other common techniques employed in characterizing include x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron or petrographic microscopy to determine crystal species, stmcture, and size (100). Microscopy (qv) can be used to determine chemical constitution, crystal morphology, and pore size and morphology as well. Mercury porosknetry and gas adsorption are used to characterize pore size, pore size distribution, and surface area (100). A variety of techniques can be employed to characterize bulk chemical composition and the physical characteristics of a powder (100,101). 

Characterization. The proper characterization of coUoids depends on the purposes for which the information is sought because the total description would be an enormous task (27). The foUowiag physical traits are among those to be considered size, shape, and morphology of the primary particles surface area number and size distribution of pores degree of crystallinity and polycrystaUinity defect concentration nature of internal and surface stresses and state of agglomeration (27). Chemical and phase composition are needed for complete characterization, including data on the purity of the bulk phase and the nature and quaHty of adsorbed surface films or impurities. 

Products. In all of the instances in which crystallization is used to carry out a specific function, product requirements are a central component in determining the ultimate success of the process. These requirements grow out of how the product is to be used and the processing steps between crystallization and recovery of the final product. Key determinants of product quaHty are the size distribution (including mean and spread), the morphology (including habit or shape and form), and purity. Of these, only the last is important with other separation processes. 

The morphology (including crystal shape or habit), size distribution, and purity of crystalline materials can determine the success in fulfilling the function of a crystallization operation. 

Population balances and crystallization kinetics may be used to relate process variables to the crystal size distribution produced by the crystallizer. Such balances are coupled to the more familiar balances on mass and energy. It is assumed that the population distribution is a continuous function and that crystal size, surface area, and volume can be described by a characteristic dimension T. Area and volume shape factors are assumed to be constant, which is to say that the morphology of the crystal does not change with size. 

A procedure for proplnts is presented by J.W. French (Ref 27), who used both OM and EM (electron microscope) to study plastisol NC curing. He found that the cure time of plastisol NC is a logarithmic function of temp, and direct functions of chemical compn and total available surface area, as well as of particle size distribution. It should be noted that extensive use of statistics is required as a time-saving means of interpreting particle size distribution data. The current state-of-the-art utilizes computer techniques to perform this function, and in addition, to obtain crystal morphology data (Ref 62)... 

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