Morphology range

The viscoelastic properties of polypropylene melts containing magnesium hydroxide fire retardant fillers have been studied using parallel plate dynamic rheology [36]. In this work the filler variants differed in particle size, surface area and morphology, ranging from approximately spherical particles formed... 

ROMP of fused-ring cyclobutene derivatives followed by a reverse Diels-Alder reaction to eliminate a benzene compound, leaving polyacetylene (see Section 13.2). This method can also be adapted to make the centre block of a triblock copolymer with norbomene, having morphologies ranging from spherical to cylindrical to lamellar (see Section 14.4). 

The process of formation of complex block copolymer stmctures in 3D confinement has been elucidated for some selected PS-Z>-PMMA copolymers. Introduction of a nonsolvent into the spherical nanoparticles yielded hemispherical structures of onionlike morphology. Such structures may be viewed as a result of double confinement consisting of the outer surfactant double layer and the inner nanophase separation between the block copolymer and the nonsolvent for both blocks. This concept allows targeting the nanoparticle shape as well as the iiuier particle morphology (ranging from simple core-shell to onion-Uke to patched structures), which may find application for encapsulation of various substrates with predetermined release characteristics. 

Electroless deposition (ELD) of noble metals on the silicon surface is widely employed in MACE. By ELD metal ions from a precursor salt in a solution of HF inject holes in the silicon valence band and as a result get reduced and nucleate on the silicon surface. This process is by no means different than MACE, and in fact during ELD, the substrate gets also etched. ELD is a very simple and versatile strategy that yields a wide array of metal morphologies, albeit with more limited control with respect to the alternatives. ELD of noble metals generates all morphologies ranging from isolated nanopartieles to continuous metal films, but with limited control on nanoparticle size,... 

Interestingly, this elaborated sector approach to tubular materials can be executed using perhaps the simplest possible starting materials as molecular sectors. Variations within this basic framework alter the lipid molecular shape, which allows lipid assemblies to access a wide range of structural morphologies, ranging from micellar and hexagonal phases to the lamellar structure found in biomembranes. ... 

Scanning electron micrographs of the porous ionomer film (9) indicate morphologies ranging from material with pore sizes of ca. 5 ]im to a homogeneous material traversed by a network of channels of ca. 100 nm width. The latter structure has demonstrated excellent conductivity results, as will be discussed further, and will be the one meant when discussing the porous material. 

Conductive polymer nanotubes with different inner morphologies ranging from hoUow nanotubes to solid nanowires were prepared, to develop fast color-switching... 

Diacetylenes in phospholipid bilayers have been the subject of extensive studies in our laboratory, not only because of the highly conjugated polymers they form, but also because of their ability to transform bilayers into interesting microstructures. Consequent to our synthesis and characterization of several isomeric diacetylenic phospholipids, we have found that the polymerization in diacetylenic bilayers is not complete. In order to achieve participation of all diacetylenic lipid monomer in the polymerization process, diacetylenic phospholipid was mixed with a spacer lipid, which contained similar number of methylenes as were between the ester linkage and the diacetylene of the polymerizable lipid. Depending upon the composition of the mixtures different morphologies, ranging from tubules to liposomes, have been observed. Polymerization efficiency has been found to be dependent on the composition of the two lipids and in all cases the polymerization was more rapid and efficient than the pure diacetylenic system. We present the results on the polymerization properties of the diacetylenic phosphatidylcholines in the presence of a spacer lipid which is an acetylene-terminated phosphatidylcholine. 

Crystalline polymers show various morphologies, ranging from single crystals (100% crystalline) to semicrystalline polymers (made of a crystalline phase and an amorphous... 

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