Morphology crystal stmctures

The Ag nanorods were characterized according to morphology, crystal stmcture, optical properties, and SERS activity. The size, shape, and spacing of the nanorods were determined with a LEO 982 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Thomwood, NY). 

Eventoff W, Martin R, Peacor DR (1972) The crystal stmcture of heterosite. Am Mineral 57 45-51 Eversheim VP, Kleber W (1953) Morphologic und Struktur des Reddingits, P205-3Fe0-3H20. Acta Cry stallogr 6 215-216... 

XRD and TEM investigations at different length scales can deliver information on crystal stmcture, symmetry, periodic lattice spacings, phase purity, arrangement of pores, and other types of nanoscopic organization. These two techniques are thus essential for proper identification and characterization of ordered microporous and mesoporous materials. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is most often used to examine the morphology, size, and size distribution of nanoporous particles or crystals. 

The LIB cathode materials are transition metal oxides containing lithium, and they are a type of functional ceramics. For such a material to be used as LIB cathode, the Li ions must be able to diffuse freely through the crystal stmcture. The morphology of the crystal structure, being one-, two-, or three-dimensional, determines the number of dimensions in which Li ions are able to move. Cathode materials currently in use or under development are described below in accordance with the following three morphologies. 

We now examine the morphologies and properties of SMPU, DMDHEU and LA, and their effect on cotton fabric. The surface morphologies of two cotton fabrics with different stractures, treated with two different kinds of SMPUs, are also investigated. Furthermore, the effects of mixing the DMDHEU and LA with SMPU treatment are studied, and the tensile properties, surface appearanee and crystal stmctures of cotton fabrics after different treatments are diseussed, while in the last section, the micro-mechanics of the SMPU treatment are studied. 

The effects of surfactants on the crystallization patterns of other food components were also studied. Surfactants affect the crystallization of sugars (sucrose, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, etc) from aqueous solutions. Surfactants affect yields of crystallization, rates of precipitation and crystallization, mode of crystallization, crystal stmctures, and crystal morphologies and habits. Surfactants also affect crystal size and amounts of impurities that cocrystallize. The effects are tremendous, and an almost endless number of effects have been described. In many cases, the studies are descriptive and the mechanisms involved in these effects are stiU obscure. 

A detailed examination of material is vital to any investigation related to processing properties and the behavior of materials. Characterization includes information about topographical features, morphology, distribution, identification of differences based on chemistry, crystal stmcture, physical properties,... 

B. Wunderlich, Macromolecular Physics, vol. 1, Crystal Stmcture, Morphology, Defects , Academic Press, New York 1973. 

Li ZM, Li LB, Shen KZ, Yang MB, Huang R (2004) In-situ microfibrillar PET/iPP blend via slit die extmsion, hot stretching, and quenehing influence of hot stretch ratio on morphology, crystallization, and crystal stmcture of rPP at a fixed PET concentration. J Polym Sci, Part B Polym Phys 42(22) 4095-4106... 

Sodium Poly(4-styrene sulfonate). The sol—gel processing of TMOS in the presence of sodium poly-4-styrene sulfonate (NaPSS) has been used to synthesize inorganic—organic amorphous complexes (61). These sodium siUcate materials were then isotherm ally crystallized. The processing pH, with respect to the isoelectric point of amorphous siUca, was shown to influence the morphology of the initial gel stmctures. Using x-ray diffraction, the crystallization temperatures were monitored and were found to depend on these initial microstmctures. This was explained in terms of the electrostatic interaction between the evolving siUcate stmctures and the NaPSS prior to heat treatment at elevated temperatures. 

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