Morphine opium

P-Endorphin. A peptide corresponding to the 31 C-terminal amino acids of P-LPH was first discovered in camel pituitary tissue (10). This substance is P-endorphin, which exerts a potent analgesic effect by binding to cell surface receptors in the central nervous system. The sequence of P-endorphin is well conserved across species for the first 25 N-terminal amino acids. Opiates derived from plant sources, eg, heroin, morphine, opium, etc, exert their actions by interacting with the P-endorphin receptor. On a molar basis, this peptide has approximately five times the potency of morphine. Both P-endorphin and ACTH ate cosecreted from the pituitary gland. Whereas the physiologic importance of P-endorphin release into the systemic circulation is not certain, this molecule clearly has been shown to be an important neurotransmitter within the central nervous system. Endorphin has been invaluable as a research tool, but has not been clinically useful due to the avadabihty of plant-derived opiates. 

Class A cocaine, heroin, LSD, methadone, mescaline, morphine, opium. Ecstasy plus... 

Opiates (Heroin, Demerol, morphine, opium, etc.), non-hal-lucinogenic amphetamines (Methedrine, Preludin, "bennies," etc.) and barbituates ("reds," "yellows," etc.) are all addictive, lend... 

Safety and efficacy not established in children for hydromorphone, levorphanol, methadone, morphine, opium, oxymorphone, propoxyphene. 

Morphine and cocaine Morphine is medically the most important alkaloid present in opium. Opium itself consists of the dried milky exudate extracted from unripe capsules of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which is grown mainly in Asia, but also in some parts of India and China. Morphine is a powerful analgesic and has been used to treat severe pain. However, its addictive properties complicate its long-term medical use and it is also a drug of abuse. In addition to morphine, opium also contains codeine, which has similar, but weaker, actions. 

See also Fentanyl Heroin Meperidine Morphine Opium Oxycodone... 

Schedule II Amphetamine, Cocaine and Crack, Codeine, Lentanyl, Hydrocodone, Meperidine (Demerol ), Methadone, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Morphine, Opium, Oxycodone (OxyContin , Percocet ), Phencyclidine (PCP)... 

Morphine Opium Used to lessen pain, calm nerves, induce sleep. Nausea and vomiting, weak pulse, pallor, cold, tired, coma, collapse... 

Morphinans (compactly fused Phe, C6, C5N, C6 and C40 rings) Codeine (opium-derived addictive, analgesic, antitussive, spasmolytic narcotic) morphine (opium-derived addictive, analgesic, antitussive, sedative, spasmolytic narcotic heroin is the semisynthetic diacetate) thebaine (non-analgesic, toxic, convulsant narcotic and semi-synthesis precursor of the anti-addiction drug naltrexone). 

Cocaine, morphine, opium, amphetamine, phencyclidine (PCP) High Accepted medical use with severe restrictions Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence... 

See also Codeine Drugs of Abuse Morphine Opium. 

After the war, the ranks of the addicted were swelled as well-meaning but ill-informed physicians, many of them little more than quacks, dispensed morphine at the sound of the faintest moan. To the doctor, morphine was a panacea that relieved pain and earned him a patient s gratitude and respect. Other sufferers, too isolated or poor to see a doctor, could treat themselves, as many did, with a variety of nostrums, usually laced with morphine, opium, or alcohol, which were available through the mail or from travelling medicine men. 

Grover, G. W. Shadows lifted or sunshine restored on the horizon of human lives A treatise on the morphine, opium, cocaine, chloral and hashish habit. Chicago Stromberg, Allen Co., 1894. 

Class A includes alfentanil, cocaine, dextromor-amide, diamorphine (heroin), dipipanone, lyser-gide (LSD), methadone, morphine, opium, pethidine, phencyclidine and class B substances when prepared for injection. 

Chloroform/ethanol Alkaloids e.g. belladona, morphine, opium, purine... 

Formula and data, see morphinan alkaloids. M. is the most important morphine (opium) alkaloid. M. is poorly soluble in boiling water and chloroform, soluble in alcohol, aqueous calcium and magnesium hydroxides and phenol. M. is obtained by extraction from the poppy Papaver somniferum. M. can be detected by sever color reactions (e. g. violet color with Fe in alkaline solution), particularly sensitive procedures are gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and radio-immuno assays. 

Opium is the dried latex obtained from incisions made in unripe fruits of the opium poppy—Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae). The official opium drug is standardised to contain 10% morphine. Opium contains over 40 alkaloids, usually combiued with meconic acid—a signature compound for identifying opium. Some major opium alkaloids are listed below (Kapoor 1995) ... 

Source Semisynthetic from morphine (opium extract)... 

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