Morphine Acetylsalicylic acid

Pain research is a traditional and well established field within the pharmaceutical industry. Beginning with the isolation of morphine in a small pharmacy by Adam Serturner (1806), the next major breakthrough in pain treatment was achieved by the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid by Felix Hoffmann in the Bayer Laboratories in Wuppertal (1897). Further outstanding contributions by the pharmaceutical industry were the first fully synthetic opioids pethidine (1939) and methadone (1946). Continued efforts up to now have resulted in many potent and clinically accepted analgesics with reasonable side effects and covering nearly all facets of pain treatment. However, pain treatment is far from being satisfactory in respect to more complex pain states, e.g. neuropathy, visceral pain or migraine. 

When the pharmacologic properties of two compounds are compared, one may prove to be more potent and efficacious than the other. For instance, as an analgesic, morphine is more potent and more efficacious than acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, two compounds may be equally efficacious but one could be more potent. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine are both efficacious neuroleptics in the management of schizophrenia, but haloperidol is more potent. 

General O2, acetylsalicylic acid, heparin, nitrates, [3-blocker, morphine... 

Sufentanil is a synthetic opioid analgesic drug, as outlined in CHEC-II(1996), and is approximately 5-10 times more potent than fentanyl. Sufentanil is marketed for use by specialist centers under different trade names. Other thiophene derivatives, such as the benzimidazol-thiophenes 16 and 17, exhibit analgesic activity that can be compared with morphine sulfate and acetylsalicylic acid <2005PS1841>. 

The traditional method of drag development, at least in this century, has been to develop leads by first using, and then by isolating and identifying, the active chemical constituents from natural products, some of which may have been medicinally in use since antiquity. With the advent of modem organic chemistry some of these purified compounds were used directly (e.g., morphine, cocaine, atropine, quinine), and, once their chemical structures were ascertained, they became leads for hoped-for chemical modifications to achieve improved efficacy, less toxicity, or, at least, higher potency (e.g., dihydromorphinone, homatropine, acetylsalicylic acid). 

Thomapyrin containing acetaminophen, caffeine and acetylsalicylic acid Antiviral drug suramin Amino group containing drugs codeine phosphate, ephedrine hydrochroride, thebaine, berberine, hydrochloride, jatrorrizine hydrochloride, cocaine hydrochloride Isradepin and by-products Morphine alkaloids Barbiturates (barbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, thiopental)... 

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