Monte Carlo computer program

Pricer, Kushner, and Alkire" used Monte-Carlo type stochastic methods for modeling the filling of vias and trenches by electrodeposition in the presence of a hypothetical blocking additive. Random numbers were used to determine when and if a particle would make a certain move." Each move for a species had a probability value associated with it that depends on the time step. This Monte-Carlo computer program had 14 parameters related to the additive, Cu and Curious. An analysis of Monte Carlo snapshots during trench filling resulted in a series of conclusions. We are presenting here only two ... 

BSCAT Rajchel B (1996) BSCAT Code for simulation and for analysis of the RBS/NRA spectra Nucl. Instrum. Methods B113 300 CASSIS Kling A (1995) A new Monte-Carlo computer program for channeling of RBS, NRA and PIXE Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. B102 141... 

The mafiionatical-criticality analyses were performed using the KENO Monte Carlo computer program together with the 123-groiq> GAM THERMOS neutron cro -s6ction set. Fuel pin cdl k, Calculations were performed to establidi the most reactive lattice pitch as a frmetion of U enrichment and bonm concentrations. Three-dimensional (3-D) KENO keff calculations were used to establish the reactivity of tile reactor under a variety of states. Since the TMI-2 coolant will eventually reach room temperature, all criticality analyses (with the exception of the hot, clean benchmark TMI-2 conjuration) were performed at this most reactive (neutronically) temperature. The moderator density was taken as 1.0 g/cm and the fuel (UOj) density was assumed as 95% theoretical. 

Biersack, J. P., and Haggmark, L. G., A Monte Carlo computer program for the transport of energetic ions in amorphous targets, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 174, 257-269 (1980). 

We have prepared a Monte Carlo computer program by means of which we are able to determine the cluster properties, including the fractal dimensionality, at an arbitrary p or / value. Such a program is useful outside... 

Jorgensen and coworkers used the Monte Carlo simulation program BOSS 3.1 to calculate A log P for the urea and acetamide in water and chloroform. The computed A log P was 1.98 0.11 which is close to the experimental result of 1.90. Richards and coworkers used AMBER 3.1 to calculate... 

G. E. WHITESIDES, KENO-A Multigroup Monte Carlo Criticality Program, CTC-5, Computing Technology Center, to be published. ... 

In the course of applying Monte Carlo programs in the solution of criticality safety problems, a difficulty in correctly computing certain types of systems has arisen. In view of the increasing use of Monte Carlo-type programs, it is Important that some statement be made about the type of systems in which the difficulty is likely to be encountered, since when one attempts to compute the multiplication factor tor such a system, the result will almost always yield a low, and hence for criticality safety purposes, nonconservative result. This can occur with no hint that the computed result is in error. 

G.E. WHITESIDES and N. F. GROSS, KENO-A Mnltt-groiq> Monte Carlo Criticality Program, CTC-5 UCC, Computing Techmdogy Center (1969). 

Quantitative Electron-Probe Microanalysis. (V. D. Scott and G. Love, eds.) John Wiley Sons, New York, 1983. Taken from a short course on the electron microprobe for scientists working in the field. A thorough discussion of EDS and WDS is given, including experimental conditions and specimen requirements. The ZAF correction factors are treated extensively, and statistics, computer programs and Monte Carlo methods are explained in detail. Generally, a very useftd book. 

The relative fluctuations in Monte Carlo simulations are of the order of magnitude where N is the total number of molecules in the simulation. The observed error in kinetic simulations is about 1-2% when lO molecules are used. In the computer calculations described by Schaad, the grids of the technique shown here are replaced by computer memory, so the capacity of the memory is one limit on the maximum number of molecules. Other programs for stochastic simulation make use of different routes of calculation, and the number of molecules is not a limitation. Enzyme kinetics and very complex oscillatory reactions have been modeled. These simulations are valuable for establishing whether a postulated kinetic scheme is reasonable, for examining the appearance of extrema or induction periods, applicability of the steady-state approximation, and so on. Even the manual method is useful for such purposes. 

Monte Carlo simulation uses computer programs called random number generators. A random number may be defined as a nmnber selected from tlie interval (0, 1) in such a way tliat tlie probabilities that the number comes from any two subintervals of equal lengtli are equal. For example, the probability tliat tlie number is in tlie subinter al (0.1, 0.3) is the same as the probability tliat tlie nmnber is in tlie subinterval (0.5, 0.7). Random numbers thus defined are observations on a random variable X having a uniform distribution on tlie interval (0, 1). Tliis means tliat tlie pdf of X is specified by... 

Various methods, such as influence sampling, can be used to reduce the number of calculations needed. See also Lapeyre, B., Introduction to Monte-Carlo Methods for Transport and Diffusion Equations, Oxford University Press (2003), and Liu, J. S., Monte Carlo Strategies in Scientific Computing, Springer (2001). Some computer programs are available that perform simple Monte Carlo calculations using Microsoft Excel. 

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