Monophasic response

The monophasic response of the locust neurons is very similar to that of the cultured cockroach neurons in its fast time course and Er (Fig. 3). However, the evoked current recorded in the locust neurons is always outwardly rectifying (Fig. 3) whereas this appears to be not always the case in the cockroach neurons (Fig. 2). 

It is customary today to classify anti arrhythmic drugs according to their mechanism of action. This is best defined by intracellular recordings that yield monophasic action potentials. In the accompanying figure, the monophasic action potentials of (A) slow response fiber (SA node) and (B) fast Purkinje fiber are shown. For each description that follows, choose the appropriate drug with which the change in character of the monophasic action potential is likely to be associated... 

Further in vivo studies revealed that the arteriolar constriction that follows mast cell activation via inosine, is the result of histamine and thromboxane release and that A3AR is involved in mediating this response (Shepherd and Duling 1996 Shepherd et al. 1996 Fozard et al. 1996 Reeves et al. 1997). Inosine, which does not bind to Aj or A2 receptors, thus elicits a monophasic arteriolar constrictor response distinct from the multiphasic dilator/constrictor response to adenosine (Jin et al. 1997). 

Figure 4 is one of the illustrations from a recent publication by Euler. After the administration of an adrenolytic agent, Dibenamine, the pressor effect of adrenaline was in large measure reversed whereas the pressor response to corresponding increments of l-noradrenaline and to extracts of spleen or splenic nerve remained upright and monophasic. In general the effect of hepatic nerve stimulation is not affected by amounts of adrenolytic agents that will reverse the response to epinephrine (48, 75,163). 

In non-CF HBE, forskolin stimulated a large, biphasic increase in Cl" secretion, whereas the response in AF508-HBE was monophasic and <5% of the wild-type response. The forskolin response in non-CF and AF508-HBE is blocked by CFTR inhibitors but not the Ca2+-activated Cl" channel blocker, DIDS, indicating that the response is due to CFTR activity in the apical membrane. Residual AF508-CFTR activity in the apical membrane of CF airway... 

The electrical incremental and desynchronizing responses are elicited by unilateral electrical stimulation through adjacent electrode contacts (where the cathode was always the lower contact). Stimuli consist of 5 to 30 sec trains of monophasic square pulses of 1.0 msec duration and 6- to 60-Hz frequency. Analysis of the scalp distribution of the incremental spike-wave and desynchronizing electrocortical responses is made from EEG recordings taken from frontopolar (FP2, FPl), frontal (F4, F3), central (C4, C3), parietal (P4, P3), occipital (02, Ol), frontotemporal (F8, F7), and anterior temporal (T4,T3) referred to ipsilateral ears (A2, Al) (Sensitivity = 10 /xA/cm time constant = 0.35 sec paper speed = 15 mm/sec). 

The first observation of ME effect by D.N. Astrov [16] constituted a breakthrough in its investigations. Nevertheless, it became immediately clear that expected technical applications were hampered by small effect magnitude, restricted number of the materials where ME effect can be manifested as well as poor understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the effect. Later it was shown [17] that ME effect magnitude in monophased materials is restricted by the inequality... 

Varying in the mechanism and chemistry of the functional groups different temperature-responsive polymers have been reported in recent years. The most common behaviour of these materials is characterized by polymer solutions that appear monophasic below a specific lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and biphasic above it. Some interesting examples are... 

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