Monomode waveguides

The TEO mode provides the highest light intensity in the evanescent field for monomode waveguides with thicknesses from 60 to 70 nm. 

The RM device consists of a high-index substrate ( 1 mm thick lead glass, = 1.72825), a thin low-index spacer (about 1000 nm of magnesium fluoride or silica) and a very thin monomode waveguiding layer (about 100 nm of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide or silicon nitride). It can be used to monitor re-... 

If the core only corresponds to one speckle spot the fibre is monomode. Otherwise the waveguide is multimode. This back to the envelop calculation intuitively shows the origin of the mode number. Note that N is wavelength dependent the larger the wavelength, the lower the number of mode. 

Thereby monomode explains that just a specific form of the many modes can be excited within the waveguide and propagate within the waveguide193 19b. 

In a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device the light from a laser beam is divided into two identical beams that travel the MZI arms (sensor and reference areas) and are recombined again into a monomode channel waveguide giving a signal which is dependent on the phase difference... 

Figure 10. Cross-section of the optical waveguides used in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Note that a rih of only 4 run in needed for monomode and high hiomolecular sensitivity characteristics.

The former French company Prolabo developed two microwave systems for synthesis7. The machines were employed in several research laboratories mainly for solvent-free organic chemistry. They had monomodal rectangular waveguide sections that also served as microwave cavities. Cylindrical tubes could be inserted and rotated to increase thermal homogeneity and if required condensers could be fitted. Temperature measurement was by infrared pyrometry. Computer control enabled reaction monitoring with respect to temperature or power. 

Flat optical waveguides offer the possibility of increasing the optical throughput but maintaining the monomode internal reflection. This is achieved in the... 

Fig. 5.8. (a) MZI configuration (b) Structure of a MZI biosensor device based on TIE waveguides. Note the dimensions of the rib channel (4 nm) for monomode and high sensitivity waveguides. 

Hu H, Lu F, Chen F, Shi B-R, Wang K-M, Shen D-Y (2001) Monomode optical waveguide in hthium niobate formed by MeV Si+ ion implantation. J Appl Phys 89 5224-5226... 

Boccara A.C., Fournier D., Jackson W., Amer N.M. Sensitive photothermal deflection technique for measuring absorption in optically thin media. Opt. Lett. 1980 5 377 Bornholdt C., Krauser J., Nolting H.-P. Novel simple method for determination of refractive index of optical monomode slab waveguides. Electron. Lett. 1985 21 706-708 Brandt G.B. In-plane scattering in glass and niobium oxide waveguides. Opt. Eng. 1981 20 150-152... 

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