Monolignol

Lignin polymerization is a natural process initiated by the enzymatic oxidation of hydroxycinnamyl alcohols such as /)-coumaryl (CM), coniferyl (CF), and sinapyl alcohols (SN), which are known as monolignols (Scheme 2.20).60... 

QUINONE METHIDES DERIVED FROM ACYLATED MONOLIGNOLS... 

Although researchers have occasionally attempted to discern pathways by which the oxidized monolignol might react with the ground-state oligomer, none of the hypotheses have withstood testing. Here we add the following to that list. 

Hypothetical two-electron oxidation of monolignols and coupling reactions of potential quinone methides. (See text for details.)... 

COUPLING REACTIONS WITH 9-OXIDIZED ANALOGUES OF THE MONOLIGNOLS... 

Li, L. Popko, J. L. Umezawa, T. Chiang, V. L. 5-Hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde modulates enzymatic methylation for syringyl monolignol formation, a new view of monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 6537-6545. 

Lu, F. Ralph, J. Novel P P-structures in natural lignins incorporating acylated monolignols. In Thirteenth International Symposium on Wood, Fiber, and Pulping Chemistry, Auckland, New Zealand, APPITA, Australia 2005 Vol. 3, pp 233-237. 

Onnerud, H. Zhang, L. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson, G. Polymerization of monolignols by redox shuttle-mediated enzymatic oxidation a new model in lignin biosynthesis I. Plant Cell 2002, 14, 1953-1962. 

Ralph, J. What makes a good monolignol substitute In The Science and Lore of the Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis, Structure and Function Hayashi, T., Ed. Universal Publishers (BrownWalker Press) Boca Raton, FL, 2006 pp. 285-293. 

Monolayer blown-film extrusion, VDC copolymers in, 25 725, 728-729 Monolayers, self-assembled, 77 57 Monolayer self-assembled systems, 16 800 Monolignols, 27 10—11, 13, 14 Monolithic drug delivery systems, 9 11 Monomagnesium phosphate, 78 839 Monomer addition, in PVC polymerization, 25 665-666... 

Validation of the role of femloyl-CoA in the synthesis of the vanillin precursor will be detection of the appropriate intermediates and/or enzyme activities in placental extracts that could account for the production of the predicted levels of capsaicinoids. The presence of low levels of monolignol intermediates could be explained by lignin biosynthesis. An alternate route from phenylalanine to vanillin has been considered by some investigators Orlova et al. [68] demonstrated the role of the benzenoid pathway in petunia flowers for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatiles. 

Boerjan W, Ralph J, Baucher M (2003) Lignin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54 519-546 Dixon RA, Reddy MSS (2003) Biosynthesis of monolignols. Genomic and reverse genetic approaches. Phytochem Rev 2 289-306... 

Chiang VL (2006) Monolignol biosynthesis and genetic engineering of lignin in trees, a review. Environ Chem Lett 4 143-146... 

Davin L, Lewis NG (2003) An historical perspective on lignan biosynthesis monolignol,... 

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