Monocyte-derived neutrophil

Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, et al. Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 84 9233-9237. 

Schroder JM, Mrowietz U, Morita E, Christophers E. Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a human monocyte-derived, neutrophil-activating peptide that lacks interleukin 1 activity. J Immunol 1987 139 3474-3483. 

Djeu, J. Y., Matsushima, K., Oppenheim, J. J., Shiotsuki, K., Blanchard, D. K. (1990). Functional activation of human neutrophils by recombinant monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/IL-8. J. Immunol. 144, 2205-10. 

Foster, S. J., Aked, D. M., Schroder, J. M., and Christophers, E. (1989) Acute inflammatory effects of a monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide in rabbit skin. Immunology 67, 181-183. 

Based on the fact that interleukin-1 (IF-1) induces migration of leukocytes to sites of injection, IF-1 was thought to have chemotactic activity. In fact, leukocyte-derived chemoattractants for phagocytic cells were present in partially purified preparations of IF-1 (Fuger et al, 1983 Sauder et al, 1984). However, when purified to homogeneity, IF-1 lost its chemotactic activity. Further studies revealed that the partially purified IF-1 preparations were contaminated with both a chemotactic factor for monocytes and a monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, termed MDNCF (Yoshimura et al, 1987, 1989 Matsushima et al, 1988, 1989). These paradoxical observations were resolved by data showing that IF-1 was a potent inducer of these chemotactic factors. The same mononuclear cell-derived neutrophil attrac-tants were also identified by several other laboratories of (Schroder et al, 1987 Walz et al, 1987). Eater, Farsen et al (1989) reported that MDNCF was chemotactic for T lymphocytes as well as neutrophils, and, based on the presumed involvement of MDNCF in the immune response, it was renamed IF-8 (Farsen et al, 1989 Oppenheim et al, 1991). 

Matsushima, K., Morishita, K., Yoshimura, T., Lavu, S., Kobayashi, Y., Lew, W., Appella, E., Kung, H. F., Leonard, E., and Oppenheim, J. J. (1988). Molecular cloning of cDNA for a human monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF) and the induction of MDNCE mRNA by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. J. Exp. Med. 167, 1883-1893. 

Matsushima K, Morishita K, Yoshimura T, Leonard E, Oppenheim JJ. Molecular cloning of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF) and the induction of MDNCF mRNA by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 1988 167 1883-1893. 

But in reality, chemokines, the proteins that are the chemical messengers between cells and the immune system, attracted and retained the attention of biologists long before this time. Actually, the first chemokine, human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor or interleukin 8 (IL-8), was identified in 1987 (2). Since then, scores of chemokines and their receptors have been identified, and we know they are prominent players in lung defense against infection. 

Bindley, I., Aschauer, H., Seifert, J. M., Lam, C., Bmnowsky, W., Kownatzki, E., et al. (1988). Synthesis and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating factor Biological equivalence between natural and recombinant neutrophU-activating factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 9199-9203. 

Schroder, J. M. (1989) The monocyte-derived neutrophil activating peptide (NAP/interleu-kin 8) stimulates human neutrophil arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, but not the release of cellular arachldonate. J. Exp. Med. 170, 847-863. 

Terkeltaub, R., Zachariae, C., Santoro, D., Martin, J., Peveri, P., and Matsushima, K. (1991) Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin-8 is a potential mediator of crystal-induced inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 34,894-903. 

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