2-Mono-nitrophenol

The orthovanadate-catalysed epoxidation of crotonic acid with H2O2 is zero order in H202. The oxidations and disproportionations of 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNR), 2-mono-nitrophenol (MNP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) promoted by Fenton reagent at pH = 3.1 have been studied. The reaction characteristics were studied by measuring concentration changes of dissolved organic carbon over time instead of measuring nitrophenol content for each specific compound. ... 

Expts. /-j. Yields of mono-nitrophenols were 70-80%. The yields of o-nitrophenol are subject to errors of several units %. KHSO4 was present in concentration equivalent to [HNO3] + [HN02]. 

The perspective of using consecutive reactions is grounded on the example of the analysis of isomeric mono-nitrophenols and anion surface-active substances. The variants of systematic analysis of mixtures of tri-, di- and mono-nitrophenols, anion surface-active substances, based on the combination of measurements of consecutively received extracts at different pH values are discussed. 

Ethyl-2-methyl pyridine (MEP) 6 E313 7 Ethyl-2-methyl-4-undecanol 6 E313 1-Ethyl-mononitrobenzenes 6 E209 Ethyl mono-nitrophenols 6 E317 Ethylnitramine see Nitraminoethane 1 A199... 

Ethyl mono-nitrophenols, Beil (Ref 1) lists only one compd of undedetermined structure, yel oily bp 212-15°, with a Ba salt which expl on heating. Prepd by nitration of ethylbenzene followed by treatment with nitrous acid Refs DBeil, 6, 475 2)W.Suida S.PIohn, Monacsh 1, 181 (1880)... 

The procedure of simultaneous extracting-spectrophotometric determination of nitrophenols in wastewater is proposed on the example of the analysis of mixtures of mono-, di-, and trinitrophenols. The procedure consists of extraction concentrating in an acid medium, and sequential back-extractions under various pH. Such procedures give possibility for isolation o-, m-, p-nitrophenols, a-, P-, y-dinitrophenols and trinitrophenol in separate groups. Simultaneous determination is carried out by summary light-absorption of nitrophenol-ions. The error of determination concentrations on maximum contaminant level in natural waters doesn t exceed 10%. The peculiarities of application of the sequential extractions under fixed pH were studied on the example of mixture of simplest phenols (phenol, o-, m-, />-cresols). The procedure of their determination is based on the extraction to carbon tetrachloride, subsequent back-extraction and spectrophotometric measurement of interaction products with diazo-p-nitroaniline. 

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of patulin and other mono-2,4-dinitrophenylhydra-zones form red zones, 2-s c-butyl-4-amino-6-nitrophenol appears as a red-orange zone while dinitrophenols and their esters are colored yellow [14]. A whole range of organophosphorus pesticides do not give any reaction [12]. 

This is the strategy of the manufacture of carbo-Jjran, though the mono alkylation of (28) is avoided by -sing available (29) and converting the NOg to OH by reduction and substitution. The acidic nitrophenol (30) rycllses on heating. 

Numbers used in this cycle AG° for dissociation of sulfuric acid to sulfur tri-oxide AG° for hydrolysis of bis-p-nitrophenyl sulfate, estimated as described above AG° for hydrolysis of mono-p-nitrophenyl sulfate AG° for esterification to give pNP0S02, estimated as described above AG° for ionization of protonated SO3, estimated as described above AG° for ionization of p-nitrophenol. )... 

The lead salts of nitromethane, mono-, di- or tri-nitrophenols bum at faster rates (up to 640-fold) than the parent compounds. Lead salts of trinitromethane, trini-trobutyric acid or dinitro-benzoic or -p-toluic acids bum at slightly faster rates (up to 10-fold) than the parent compounds. 

This group covers aromatic nuclei bearing one nitro group most mono-nitro benzenes can be persuaded to detonate by a tetryl booster few are an immediate danger in the absence of other sources of energy. Calorimetric studies [1] suggest that nitroaryl compounds decompose by an autocatalytic mechanism, and thus stability may depend upon thermal history. Individually indexed compounds are 4-Acetoxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3260 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol, 2309... 

In Russia, as Lebedev reported, the French method gave satisfactory results in summer time only, whereas for the most part of the yeM (autumn, winter) on account of high heat losses, nitration was never complete Mid the picric acid yield was low (150-160 parts per 100 parts of phenol). Moreover, the product contained high proportions of mono- and di-nitrophenols. 

Nitrate and nitrite photochemistry might also play a role in atmospheric hydrometeors. Nitrite photolysis has been shown to account for the majority of hydroxyl photoformation in irradiated fog water from a polluted site [ 14]. In addition, the generation of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds from amino acids and amines dissolved in fog water [147] is a process that can be linked with nitrite photochemistry [20,141]. Furthermore, the formation of atmospheric nitrophenols partially takes place in aqueous solution. Reactions in the aqueous phase can account for about 30% of the atmospheric sources of mononitrophenols and for the vast majority of the dinitrophenol ones [ 148], and irradiation of nitrate and nitrite can possibly play a role in the process (see Sect. 3.2). Mono- and dinitrophenols are toxic compounds, and their occurrence in rainwater is thought to be a contributory factor in forest decline [149-151]. 

Fig. 5-53. Separation of various mono- and polyvalent phenols. - Separator column Ion Pac NS1 (10 pm) eluent (A) 0.01 mol/L KH2P04 (pH 4.0) / acetonitrile (90 10 v/v), (B) 0.01 mol/L KH2P04 (pH 4.0) / acetonitrile (20 80 v/v) gradient linear, 15% B in 20 min to 55% B flow rate 1 mL/min detection UV (280 nm) injection volume 50 pL solute concentrations 100 ppm each of pyrogallic acid (1), resorcinol (2), phenol (3), o-cresol (4), 2,4-di-methylphenol (5), /J-naphthol (6), 2,4-dichloro-3-nitrophenol (7), and thymol (8).

Phenol reacts with NaN02 on wet Si02 at room temperature to give mono- or dinitrosa-tion products, which are in situ oxidized by oxone to give the ortho- and para-nitrophenols in high yields, depending on the reaction conditions . 

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