Monkey, lethal doses

Because the respiratory tracts of humans and monkeys are more similar than those of humans and rodents, because uptake is more rapid in the monkey than in humans, and because both species have been shown to be relatively insensitive to the incapacitative and lethal effects of HCN (but at the same time, species susceptibilities to lethal effects do not differ by more than a factor of 1.5), an interspecies UF of 2 was applied. Human (adult) accidental and occupational exposures (El Ghawabi et al. 1975) indicate that there are individual differences in sensitivity to HCN, as evidenced by symptoms fol... 

Oligonucleotide therapeutics have a relatively low order of acute toxicity, with the notable exception of the polyanionic PS ODNs, which have been known to activate complement through the alternative pathway in monkeys. Because these compounds do not cross the blood-brain barrier nor accumulate in cardiac muscle, and because the uptake of these compounds is dependent on saturable processes, very high doses of oligonucleotides tend not to produce central effects or acute organ failure, thus lowering the potential for acute lethality. 

These studies firmly establish that prophylactically administered ChE, with no additional therapy, prevents the toxicity induced by highly toxic OP nerve agents in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rhesus monkeys. Not only do these bioscavengers prevent lethality, but animals do not show any untoward side effects or performance decre-ments/deficits determined by the Morris Water Maze task, SPR task, PEP task, or spatial discrimination task. 

As a result, perhaps as much as 50% of the patients in some countries do not complete the course of treatment. The use of poly(ICLC) to control the infecting virus, together with vaccine, has resulted in a drastically reduced treatment in an experimental monkey model (Table 3). One dose of the inducer followed by two doses of vaccine has resulted in control of lethal infection in monkeys. ... 

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