Monitoring site selection

Design and Operation ImpoiTant consideration in the design and operation of landfarming systems include (1) site selection, (2) site preparation, (3) waste charac tei istics, (4) method of waste application, (5) waste-application rate, (6) site management, and (7) monitoring. Important factors related to these design and operation considerations are reported in Table 25-75. 

Contractors at Sites B, D, G, I, and J had incomplete sampling practices and as a result were not able to evaluate PPE levels based on monitoring data. Eor example, both contractors SSAHPs at Site I lacked provisions for monitoring site hazards such as metals, pesticides, herbicides, and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that could not be evaluated with a PID. Since worker exposures to the range of hazards on site had not been characterized, PPE was not selected based on its performance relative to the nature and level of site hazards. 

We propose that a relatively small number of watershed sites be established for intensive monitoring. These sites should be selected based on the criteria for site selection discussed previously (see Section 2.1.3). In particular, these sites should be located in areas that ... 

Overall Criteria for Selecting Monitoring Sites, Global and... 

Monitoring sites were selected in northwestern Pennsylvania, central Ohio, western Maryland, and southern West Virginia. The field program was conducted between June and September 1973. Ozone was measured at each of the four sites, and precursor concentrations were measured at... 

When a monitoring site is selected, it is important to take account of environmental features. For example, ozone measured in or near automotive traffic can drop to 50% of the areawide value, owing to reaction with the nitric oxide firom exhaust emission. Ozone measured 7.5 m from a large tree in green leaf can drop to 70% of the areawide value, but it may also be reduced within 1 m of shrubs and grass. Paint, asphalt, concrete, dry soil, and dead vegetation are not as reactive and so have less effect. Peak ozone values observed in sunlit windscreened. 

The analytical procedures for Level 3 are specific to selected components identified by Level 2 analysis and are oriented toward determining the time variation in the concentrations of key indicator materials. In general, the analysis will be optimized to a specific set of stream conditions and will therefore not be as complex or expensive as the Level 2 methods. Both manual and instrumental techniques may be used, provided they can be implemented at the process site. Continuous monitors for selected pollutants should be incorporated in the analysis program as an aid in interpreting the data acquired through manual techniques. The total Level 3 analysis program should also include the use of Level 2 analysis at selected intervals as a check on the validity of the key indicator materials which reflect process variability. 

For this study three sites from the UAPSP network that typified different regions and climates of the eastern United States were selected. These sites were Uvalda, GA, in the Southeast, Lancaster, KS, west of the Mississippi River, and Underhill, VT, in the Northeast. Criteria used for site selection for precipitation monitoring are outlined in the U.S. EPA Quality Assurance Manual for Precipitation Measurement Systems (5). 

Management of clinical study conduct Protocol writing Site selection Investigator meetings Monitoring... 

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