Molecular sponges

McCook, Allison. Molecular Sponge for Nuclear Waste. Scientific American, 26 February 2001. Available online. URL /www. scientificamerican.com/article.cfm id=molecular-sponge-for-nucl. Accessed on June 25, 2009. This article explains how research is leading to ideas on how to absorb and store radioactive strontium 90 from nuclear waste. 

Dendrimer-Based Molecular Sponges , Nanoscopic Reactors and Inorganic-Organic Composites... 

One-step clean-and-shine products have become popular in the household market. These products are appHed to the floor with a sponge mop and their detergent action removes and suspends soil, which coUects on the mop and is removed when the mop is rinsed with water. The formulation, which remains on the floor, dries to a poHsh film. An earlier product of this type was dispensed from an aerosol as a foam. Formulas as of this writing (ca 1995) are appHed as Hquids (29,30). In one product, the dried film obtained from the formulation is soluble in the formulation, which includes low molecular weight, high acid polymers and a fairly large amount of ammonia (31). Repeated use does not contribute to a buildup of poHsh. 

Hay ME (1986) Associational plant defenses and the maintenance of species diversity turning competitors into accomplices. Am Nat 128 617-641 Hentschel U, Hopke J, Horn M, Friedrich AB, Wagner M, Hacker J, Moore BS (2002) Molecular evidence for a uniform microbial community in sponges from different oceans. Appl Environ Microb 68 4431 1440... 

He even proposed the existence of polyvalent atoms producing "sponge or net like" molecular mass in 1878. Towards the end of his career, he advanced the hypothesis that natural organic substances-those most closely associated with life, proteins, starch, and cellulose-may consist of very long chains, and derive their special properties from this structure. 

Chemical bias toward certain molecular arrangements may also determine the commonness of certain metabolites (Pietra 1995), such as the aplysinopsins (indole alkaloids of many sponges, cnidarians, and mollusks. Chart 8.2. A), bis-indole and guanidine alkaloids (Chart 8.2.A), isoprenoids (Pietra 1995, Chart 8.2.1), and polypropionates of mollusks, sponges, and fungi (Chart 8.2.FA/PO). 

The relative contribution to the cup of natural products by marine and terrestrial organisms is outlined in Table 9.1. Column entries are the phylum, class or order, number of species, biogenetic class of metabolites produced, their bioactivity level, and a qualitative indication as to the average molecular complexity (Whitlock 1998). The latter property receives closer attention in Table 9.II for specific molecular skeletons. These data warrant several conclusions. First, unusual secondary metabolites on land derive mostly fi-om green plants and arthropods, while in the sea are the algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, and ascidians that give most. This is true no matter if the molecular skeleton, or the actual metabolite, or even the bioactivity, is examined. 

Doi, M. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, M. Kitagawa, I. (1991) Molecular confcnmation of swinholide A, a potent cytotoxic dimo ic macrolide from the Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. J. Org. Chem., 56, 3629-32. 

Table 6.23 Selected Magnetic Properties of Some CoCu-Based Molecular Magnetic Sponges...

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