Molecular genetics Pharmacogenetics

Kreek, M.J., Bart, G., Lilly, C., LaForge, K.S., and Nielsen, D.A., Pharmacogenetic and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments, Pharmacol. Rev., 57, 1, 2005. 

Pharmacogenetics is the branch of pharmacol-ogy/genetics, which studies these differences and seeks to account for them in molecular genetic terms. 

These examples comprise only a small part of the molecular genetic studies that have been conducted on pharmacogenetic polymorphisms, They afford insights... 

Nebert, D.W. 2000. Suggestions for the nomenclature of human alleles Relevance to eco-genetics, pharmacogenetics and molecular epidemiology. Pharmacogenetics 10(4) 279-290. 

Court MH, Greenblatt DJ. Molecular genetic basis for deficient acetaminophen glu-curonidation by cats UGT1A6 is a pseudogene, and evidence for reduced diversity of expressed hepatic UGT1A isoforms. Pharmacogenetics 2000 10(4) 355-369. 

Krynetski EY, Tai HE, Yates CR, Eessing MY, Loennechen T, Schuetz JD et al. Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase Clinical importance and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics 1996 6 279-90. 

Participant summary report PGX-B. The CAP Pharmacogenetics Working Group, CAP/ ACMG Molecular Genetics Committee 2007, 6-8. 

Essential to the definition of Pharmacogenetics is the term genetic polymorphism. It is extrapolated that there are at least three million genetic polymorphisms in the human genome. Historically, a genetic polymorphism was defined as a genetic variation with a population frequency of 1% and above, but the larger inter-ethnic variation of population frequencies makes a strict definition based on such frequencies impractical. The most common molecular type of polymorphism is the... 

D. A. Price Evans, Genetic Factors in Drug Therapy. Clinical and Molecular Pharmacogenetics , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993, p. 346-363. 

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