Molecular biological applications

Molecular biology application to studies of stress tolerance... 

Masuda N, Ohnishi T, Kawamoto S, et al. Analysis of chemical modification of RNA from formalin-fixed samples and optimization of molecular biology applications for such samples. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 27 4436 1443. 

Capillary gel electrophoresis has been employed both for molecular biology applications, such as PCR product analysis and antisense gene therapy, and for protein chemistry applications such as protein separations. 

Figure V-11 Features found on many popular plasmids used for different molecular biology applications.

The basic information needed for work with nucleic acids concerns their size, concentration and structure. We discuss here techniques that can provide information about these parameters. Methods that have a primarily molecular biological application are outside the scope of our present coverage, and the reader is referred to the extensive literature on this subject (Maniatis et al. 1989 Ausubel et al. 1989 Harwood 1996). 

Improvements in sensitivity and LOD can have a profound effect on molecular biology applications. This will equate to reduced sample requirements, allowing for more assays to be done on small sample preparations and allowing precious samples to be better utilized. Improved sensitivity and LOD will also allow the use of antibodies with lower binding affinities and may allow for better quantitation of array data. 

C. Bergemann, D. Mtiller-Schulte, J. Oster, L. h Brassard, and A. S. Ltibbe, Magnetic ion-exchange nano- and microparticles for medical, biochemical and molecular biological applications. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 194, 45-52 (1999). 

PNA is readily labeled for use in a variety of molecular biology applications. The versatile chemistry of PNA has also allowed the preparation of PNA-peptide conjugates and PNA-DNA chimeras. The PNA base unit itself has incorporated backbone and nucleobase modifications to affect solubility and binding characteristics. The application of solid-phase synthesis methods to the preparation of PNA provides researchers with an impressive new molecular biology tool. 

Marm, I. et al., A method for preparation of DNA suitable for molecular biology applications from single cells of dinoflagellates. Biotechniques, 30, 88, 2001. 

Schallig HD, Oskam L. Molecular biological applications in the diagnosis and control of leishmaniasis and parasite identification. Trop Med Int Health 2002 7 641-51. 

DNA by intercalation, and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) binds into the minor groove of DNA. Fluorescence is most enhanced when adjacent to adenine-thymine-rich regions of DNA. These labels are used to image DNA on agarose gels using a UV transilluminator for molecular biological applications. 

FRET is defined as the energy transfer mechanism between two fluorescent molecules. When a donor molecule is excited at its specific fluorescent excitation wavelength its energy can be nonradiatively transferred to an acceptor molecule. This occurs through a series of dipole-dipole coupling reactions and is dependent on the distance between the molecules, the orientation of the molecules and the spectral properties of both. FRET techniques are widely used in fiuorescence-based detection of biomolecules, fluorescence microscopy and molecular biology applications. 

C Griittner, J Teller. New types of silica-fortified magnetic nanoparticles as tools for molecular biology applications. J Magn Magn Mater 1999 194 8. 

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