Moisture content measurement

It should be clear that the RM measured in this way, e. g. 0,1 %, must not be identical with residual moisture contents measured with other methods (see Section 1.3.1) because there will be always some water which cannot be desorbed at the end temperature of the drying. This content of bound water for one product and one temperature is a stable value which can be taken from the measurements of absorption isotherms. 

Moisture content measurements at supply point should not be greater than in-house specification... 

The characterization of the total mass thus obtained, performed on representative samples taken during the vial filling procedure, gave additional information on the properties of the material. The average moisture content, measured by Karl-Fisher titration, was lower than 3%. The particle size distribution of the whole mass, measured using the Sympatec analyzer with Helos measuring device, was to peak at 80-90 pm with an upper limit of 435 pm. 

Unfortunately the moisture contents of paper were not determined for any of the experimental conditions employed In this study and the only moisture contents measured were at ambient temperature (Fig. 4). Since the moisture content decreases with Increasing temperatures by some constant factor (9) It would be appropriate to use the ambient moisture contents to verify whether a direct relationship exists between bound water and degradation rate. 

Field measurements show that the moisture content in a pavement structure typically show a seasonal variation [ 12,13]. Data from moisture content measurements in a road in Nantes, France, during a three-year period show a significant seasonal variation in all layers of the road construction [13]. The total moisture content budget on an annual basis was about 80 mm for a road construction (height 120 cm). 

This strategy is adopted because of the sheer complexity of the process and the unavailability in the past of suitable sensors for on-line quality moisture content measurement. The quality of the product such as final moisture content, thickness, porosity, wetting, and rehydration capability (for pregelatinized starch) as well as the right crystal structure (the right therapeutic form for pharmaceuticals) are complex functions of drum speed, temperature, nip width, feed material, feed concentration, and feed-spreading technique. In addition, the final moisture content and thickness of the sheet may not be uniform across the width of the drum dryer that can lead to problems in shelf life and packaging of the product, respectively. 

Holmes, W.S. and Riley, S.G., 1996. Microwave method for in-kUn moisture content measurement, in Proceedings of the Fifth International lUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 255-259. 

Outlet air-tanperature control with feedback from moisture content measurement (Figure 57.11a)... 

Microprocessor-based control (Figure 57.11b) in which the outlet-air tanperature is controlled by regulating the feed rate, with feedback from the moisture content measurement and feedforward from the atmospheric humidity, feed specific gravity, and inlet air-tanperature measurements... 

In the BWR primary system, the carry-over of both radionuclides from the reactor water to the main steam is very small, less than 0.1%. This figure is on the order of the steam moisture content measured using Na, thus indicating that both radionuclides are present in the reactor water in a non-volatile form, presumably phosphate and sulphate, which are exclusively carried by water droplets. The low volatility of both and is also responsible for their high purification factors of about 1000 in the waste water evaporators, resulting in their being almost quantitatively retained in the concentrate, with only traces of them being released to the environment. 

In all moisture content measurement, it is important that the entire measuring system, including the detector, be made of metallic materials. Plastics and rubber may not be used. 

In contrast, moisture content measurements were straightforward. The standard method involves drying the sample to constant weight with a forced draught of air at 105 2 C. Careful operatives are able to obtain easily the quality of result illustrated in Table 23.1. It might even be inferred from Table 23.1 that the NIR results may be more accurate as well as more precise than the reference results in that, provided bias is absent, the more precise result is usually also the more accurate result. 

Riley, S.G. and Holmes, W.S., 2001. Development of a microwave in-kiln moisture content measurement system that measures individual boards. Proceedings of the Seventh International lUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 348-353. 

FIGURE 8.10 (a) Time series of subslab and surface moisture content measured using time-domain reflectometry and (b) 5 min rainfall totals at USEPA vapor intrusion research building in Athens, Georgia. 

Farmer, V. C., 1958. The infrared spectra of talc, saponite, and hectorite. Min. Mag. 31 829- 845. Farrar, D. M., 1963. The use of vapour pressure and moisture content measurements to deduce the internal and external surface area of soil particles. J. Soil. Sci. 14 360-371. 

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