Modulus glass fibers

Increased flexural modulus Glass fibers Carbon fibers Rigid minerals Ductility, cost Ductility, cost Ductility Ductility, cost Ductility, cost Ductility... 

Figure 7. Calcia-alumina-silica system. This illustration compares the melt viscosity of the inviscid binary aluminate melts from 60% CaO to 75% alumina. Addition of MgO and CaO produces quaternary aluminate melts, raises the viscosity significantly and produces a fragile melt with high viscosities below the liquidus temperature and low viscosities above the liquidus temperature. Redrawn from F. T. Wallenberger and S. D. Brown, High modulus glass fibers for new transportation and infrastructure composites and for new infrared uses, Composites Science and Technology, 51.243-263 (1994).

F. T. Wallenberger and S. D. Brown, High modulus glass fibers for new transportation and infrastructure composites and for new infrared uses. Composites Science and Technology, 51,243-263 (1994). 

F. T. Wallenberger, S. D. Brown and G. Y. Onoda, ZnO-modified high modulus glass fibers, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 152,279-283 (1993). 

F. T. Wallenberger, High modulus glass fiber reinforced composites for currently emerging Infrastructure applications. Proceedings, ASCE Materials Engineering Conference, San Diego, California, November 14-16, 1994. 

A. Lewis and D. L. Robbins, High-strength, high modulus glass fibers. Journal of Polymer Science, Part C, 19, 117-150(1967). 

D. R. Messier and P. Patel, High modulus glass fibers. Journal of Non-cryst. Solids, 182,271-277 (1995). 

S513V33 - high modulus glass-fiber-reinforced grade (automotive parts)... 

Fig. 2. Effect of temperature on the shear modulus of dry nylon-6,6 (—) and nylon-6,6 plus 30% glass fiber (-). To covert MPa to psi, multiply by 145.

Some design factors, however, work against composites. For example, glass fiber-reinforced plastics generally have lower modulus (stiffness) than metals. Thickness and shape adjustments are requited where stiffness is a critical design requirement. With appropriate reinforcement, any modulus, even greater than that of metals, can be achieved. However, it may become expensive and uneconomical to do so. 

Tsai conducted experiments to measure the various moduli of glass-fiber-epoxy-resin composite materials [3-1]. The glass fibers and epoxy resin had a Young s modulus and Poisson s ratio of 10.6 x 10 psi (73 GPa) and. 22 and. 5 x 10 psi (3.5 GPa) and. 35, respectively. 

Table 12 Tensile Strength and Young s Modulus of Sisal, Flax, and Glass Fiber MTs with a Fiber Content of 40% (weight) [60]...

Sisal, flax, and glass fiber MTs can be classified by their mechanical properties, tensile strength, and Young s modulus (Table 12). 

Destruction of the fiber filler may occur during compression of a composite. It is evident that the destroying process is more pronounced for high-modulus, brittle fibers such as glass or carbon. For the materials containing organic fibers the destruction rate is considerably lower. 

By this time the industry required a more inclusive term to describe RPs, so composite was added. Thus the name in the plastics industry became Reinforced Plastic Composites. More recently they became known only as Composites. However composites identify many other combinations of basic materials (Table 6-18). The fiber reinforcements included higher modulus glasses, carbon, graphite, boron, aramid (strongest fiber in the world, five times as strong as steel on an equal-weight basis), whiskers, and others (Table 6-20 and Figs. 6-13 and 6-14). In... 

Fig. 6-14 specific modulus = modulus/density. Plastics include use of the heat-resistant TPs such as the polimides, polyamide-imide, and others. Table 6-21 provides data on the thermal properties of RPs. To date at least 80 wt % are glass fiber and about 60 wt% of those are polyester (TS) type RPs. 

Fig. 7-2 An example of a range in tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation of some TPs with and without chopped glass fibers by weight and type of reinforcement.

Different materials can be used such as nylon, polyester (TS), and epoxy, but TS polyurethane (PUR) is predominantly used. Almost no other plastic has the range of properties of PUR. Modulus of elasticity range in bending is 200 to 1,400 MPa (29,000-203,000 psi) and heat resistance from 90 to over 200°C (122-392°F). The higher values are for chopped glass-fiber-reinforced RIM (RRIM). 

Fig. 17 presents the variation of the terms E((rf/r)n> and Em(rf/r), i in the mesophase layer for a 65 percent E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, as they have been derived from Eq. (48). It is wortwhile indicating the smooth transition of the Ermodulus to the Em-modulus at the region r == rf. Similar behaviour present all other compositions. 

Figure 3.12 Influence of fillers on modulus-temperature relationship a, PA-6 neat b, 30 wt % mineral c, 15 wt % glass fibers d, 30 wt % glass fibers e, 50 wt % glass fibers.17...

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