Modulated temperature thermogravimetry

Such a differential heating program leads to increased sensitivity and resolution in TGA but also to a much increased time-frame for the analysis. Dynamic rate TG appears to have addressed both of these features and hence has much potential as a high resolution/ rapid thermal analysis system, which, unlike SCTA, can be applied for rapid and reproducible thermal analysis of a wide range of complex materials. Finally, modulated temperature thermogravimetrie analysis has enhanced potential for the kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition reactions over conventional TGA because of its greater resolution of thermal events. 

Several modifications of differential scanning calorimeters, DSC, have been developed during the last few years for the measurement of enthalpies of phase changes [194-197] and Knudsen cells have been used as calorimetric cells. Modulated temperature thermogravimetry has also been proposed for the measurement of enthalpies of sublimation [198]. 

Reports on the detailed thermal behaviour of PEEK/HAp composites [as well as other polymer/HAp (nano)composites] are scarce in the literature. Advanced thermal analysis methods, e.g., modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) or hyphenated thermoanalytical methods such as thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) or mass spectrometry... 

This concludes the discussion of thermometry and dilatometry. The tools to measure temperature, length, and volume have now been analyzed. The tools for measurement of heat, the central theme of this book, will take the next three sections and deal with calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature-modulated calorimetry. The mechanical properties which involve dilatometry of systems exposed to different and changing forces, ate summarized in Sect. 4.5. The measurement of the final basic variable of state, mass, is treated in Sect. 4.6 which deals with thermogravimetry. 

Chapter 4 Thermal Analysis Tools contains a detailed description of thermometry, calorimetry, temperature-modulated calorimetry (TMC), dilatometry, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), d)mamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetry (TGA). 

Thermomagnetometry is directly related to thermogravimetry and involves heating the sample in a constant applied magnetic field. Magnetic transformations in the sample are manifested as apparent mass changes. Temperature modulated thermomagnetometry has been applied to study the nanophase crystallization characteristics of amorphous... 

TOA, thermooptical analysis DSC, differential scanning calorimetry TMDSC, temperature-modulated DSC Real, reaction calorimetry DTA, differential thermal analysis XRPD, X-ray powder diffraction TG, thermogravimetry. 

Later developments by the Mettler Company include a desktop thermogravimetry apparatus, the TA 4000. This system consists of a computer processor (TCIO A) and the thermobalance, shown in schematic cross section in Fig. 7.4. The readability of the balance is 1 ng. The electrical range of mass compensation is from 0 to 150 mg, and the overall capacity of the balance is 3,050 mg. The temperature range is room temperature to 1,250 K with heating rates of 0 -100 K/min. The TA 4000 system also includes tabletop modules for DSC and TMA, all coupled to the same data processor. 

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