Modifications hasty

A hasty modification can result in an accident, as discussed in Chapter 6. To address the problems of one-minute modifications, chemical plant management must persistently encourage employee awareness and train their employees about the potential dangers that can be created by the quick, inexpensive substitutions. It is essential that well-maintained engineering and equipment specifications are readily available. Changes which might include improper substitutes (such as incompatible materials of construction) or improper procedures should be reviewed by a third party. However, this is sometimes easier said than done in the sometimes hectic pace of maintaining maintenance and production schedules. 

Modification of treatment can be made later if necessary, in the light of culture and sensitivity tests. Treatment otherwise should be changed only after adequate trial, usually 2-3 days, for over-hasty alterations cause confusion and encourage the emergence of resistant organisms. 

C (the lowest biologically effective concentration) and P (the partition coefficient) were discussed in Section 3.3 which may usefully be re-read at this point. The required value of P may already have been experimentally determined and the review by Leo et al. (1971), which contains several thousand such values, should be consulted. If the value is not yet known, it should be determined experimentally as outlined in Section 17.1. If a hasty answer is required, or if experimental resources are lacking, a value of P can be constructed from the fragmental constants listed in Table 17.2, but this can only yield an approximation. Before having recourse to such calculations, the reader is advised to become familiar with the circumstances in which they are not applicable, or need much modification (Rekker, 1977). 

Recently, most of the practical information about PLLA modification by irradiation seems to have been kept proprietary or only vaguely described in the patent literature because of hasty development of PLLA materials. Though such information is of interest, few reports on recent developments about such PLLA modification can be obtained in the scientific literature. 

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