Coupling agent modification example

Analog-to-glass fibers silanes are used as coupling agents for natural fiber polymer composites. For example, the treatment of wood fibers with product A-175 improves wood dimensional stability [53]. In contrast, a decrease of mechanical properties was observed for coir-UP composites after a fiber modification with di-chloromethylvinyl silane [54]. The treatment of mercer-... 

Whatever the coupling agent is, the control of non-specific protein absorption is important to the use of nanomaterials in specific protein binding. There are plenty of molecules used for protection of various surfaces from proteins with mechanisms as steric repulsion, hydration and solvent structuring. For example, the modification of CNTs with the absorption of biotinylated Tween 20 allowed streptavidin recognition by the specific biotin-streptavidin interaction, but provided resistance towards other protein absorption [133]. 

Modification of surfaces to improve bondability examples are modification of polymer surfaces by plasma or corona treatments, anodization or other treatments of metals, plasma film depositions, deposition of functional silanes or other coupling agents to metal surfaces, and so forth... 

Other additives that are used to make the surface hydrophobic are, for example, a combination of methacrylic acid and aluminum nitrate as a coupling agent [51] or groups like stearoic acid. Without chemical modification of the surface, one can also use bilayers of adsorbed surfactant as a locus of polymerization [52]. The first step is the formation of a so-called hemimicelle, a bilayer of the surfactant molecules at... 

Table 5.9 lists examples of polymer systems containing other widely used inorganic fillers that are treated with titanates/zirco nates. The principal effects of the coupling agents in relation to the given application are also shown. Modifications of Ti02 with pyrophosphate- and phosphito-coordinate titanates to produce a highly functional metal oxide [53] and an acrylic colorant [54] have been described. Titanates... 

There are several means of modifying the surface of the reinforcements to obtain composites with improved properties, with different coupling agents and techniques needed for different composites. Table 3.4 provides some examples of reinforced thermosets with surface modifications [20-24]. With regard to coupling agents, the key factor is the chenucal structure, because the strong connection that is needed to ensure load transfer in the... 

Finally, the surface charge modifications by hydrolyzed ions can be used to control the adsorption behavior of a solid. For example, if the sign is converted from negative to positive, anionic species will be attracted and vice versa. In addition, the adsorbed solutes may then act as coupling agents for other adsorbates, such as dyes, amino acids, etc. [21,22]. 

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