Modern materials nanotechnology

The study of confined quantum systems has attracted increasing attention from several research groups in the world due to the unusual physical and chemical properties exhibited by such systems when subject to spatial limitation. Such novel properties, not present in conventional materials, have marked a new era for the synthesis of modern materials - structured at the nanoscale - and leading to what is now called nanotechnology. 

A. K. Haghi and G. E. Zaikov, A Promising New Class of Pol aner Material with Particular Application in Nanotechnology, in Nanopolymers and Modern Materials Preparation, Properties, and Applications, ed. O. V. Stoyanov, A. K. Haghi and G. E. Zaikov, CRC Press, 2014, p. 223. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a set of materials with different structures and properties. They are among the most important materials of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology field. They combine inorganic, organic, bio-organic, coUoidal, and polymeric chemistry and are chemically inert. They are insoluble in any solvent and their chemistry is in a key position toward interdisciphnary applications, for example, use as supports for catalysts and catalytic membranes [20, 21]. 

Perfection of Structure in Nanostructured Materials. An aim of modern nanotechnology is the fabrication of materials with highly perfect structure on the nanometer scale. The distortion of such nanostructured materials can be studied by SAXS methods. Frequently the material is supplied as a very thin film with predominantly uniaxial correlation among the nanodomains. Under these constraints the nanodomains are frequently arranged in such a way that the normal to the film is a symmetry axis rotation of the film on the sample table does not change the scattering (fiber symmetry). 

This book is dedicated exclusively to the family of nanocarbon hybrids covering a multidisciplinary research field that combines materials chemistry and physics with nanotechnology and applied energy sciences. It provides both introductory material on fundamental principles as well as reviews of the current research. Therefore, this book should be helpful for Master and PhD students wishing to become familiar with a modern field of knowledge-driven material science as well as for senior researchers and industrial staff scientists who explore the frontiers of knowledge. 

Finally, we finish this chapter, and indeed this book, with a reminder that there is nothing new under the sun . Way before the era of modern nanotechnology the Crusaders came across a material called... 

Beznosyuk S.A. (2002) Modern quantum theory and computer simulation in nanotechnologies Quantum topology approaches to kinematical and dynamical structures of self-assembling processes, Materials Science Engineering C. 19(1-2), 369-372. 

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