Models A Review

In this chapter we have considered several properties of gases and have seen how the relationships among these properties can be expressed by various laws written in the form of mathemafical equafions. The most useful of these is the ideal gas equation, which relates all the important gas properties. However, under certain conditions gases do not obey the ideal gas equation. 

For example, at high pressures and/or low temperatures, the properties of gases deviate significantly from the predictions of fhe ideal gas equation. On the other hand, as the pressure is lowered and/or the temperature is increased, almost all gases show close agreement with the ideal gas equation. This means that an ideal gas is really a hypothetical substance. At low pressures and/or high temperatures, real gases approach the behavior expected for an ideal gas. 

Building a Model for Gases Af fhis point we want to build a model, a theory, to explain why a gas behaves as it does. We want to answer the question. What are the characteristics of the individual gas particles that cause a gas to behave as it does  

However, laws do not tell us why nature behaves the way it does. Scientists try to answer this question by constructing theories (building models). The models in chemistry are speculations about how individual atoms or molecules (microscopic particles) cause the behavior of macroscopic sysfems (collections of atoms and molecules in large enough numbers so that we can observe them). 

A model is considered successful if if explains known behavior and predicts correctly the results of future experiments. 

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