Modelling Molecular Animator

Compound Animal model Molecular targets and effects Phenotype References... 

Tel. 800-232-2224, 203-335-0906, fax 203-336-2481 Display and manipulation of 3D models using keyboard input. Molecular Animator for creating and displaying 3D models. Molecular Graphics for display and manipulation of atomic coordinate data. ChemFile II for creating databases of 2D chemical structures with associated text. PCs and Macintosh. 

Mathematical models relate skin permeability of exogenous molecules to physicochemical parameters of the permeant (octanol/water partition coefficients and molecular weight [a surrogate marker of molecular size]). Similar models for animal and human skin relate normalized equations of best-fit regressions based on ... 

R563 R. Tian and J. S. Ingwall, The Molecular Energetics of the Failing Heart from Animal Models - Small Animal Models , Heart Failure Rev., 1999, 4, 245... 

Physiology, cellular/molecular Animal model, cell culture... 

Han, XL, Holtzman, DM and McKeel, DW, Jr (2001) Plasmalogen deficiency in early Alzheimer s disease subjects and in animal models molecular characterization using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Neurochem, 77, 1168-1180. 

The use of graphic displays as an essential element of computer-based instmctional systems has been exploited in a number of ways. Molecular modeling and visualization techniques have supplemented the traditional set of stick models in courses on organic and inorganic chemistry, and animation of molecular motion and of the progress or mechanism of chemical reactions has been a useful classroom tool. 

SPACEEIL has been used to study polymer dynamics caused by Brownian motion (60). In another computer animation study, a modified ORTREPII program was used to model normal molecular vibrations (70). An energy optimization technique was coupled with graphic molecular representations to produce animations demonstrating the behavior of a system as it approaches configurational equiHbrium (71). In a similar animation study, the dynamic behavior of nonadiabatic transitions in the lithium—hydrogen system was modeled (72). 

Identify the functional groups in the following model of arecoiine, a veterinary drug used to control worms in animals. Convert the drawing into a line-bond structure and a molecular formula (red = O, blue = N). 

While Kozma and Russell (2005) recommend the use of visualisation resources, the value of the various formats for various topics is debatable. Kozma and Russell confirm we are not able to say, given the state of the research, for which topics or students it is best to use animations versus still pictures or models (p. 330). Ardac and Akaygun (2005) on the other hand favour the use of dynamic visuals (preferably on an individual basis) over static visuals when presenting molecular representations, confirming that dynamic visuals can be more effective than static visuals in fostering molecular understanding about the changes in matter (p. 1295). Obviously both static and dynamic forms are valuable and can be nsed to complement each other. 

Few prospective studies of induced anaphylaxis have been performed in human subjects to imderstand the molecular basis of systemic anaphylaxis, because of the potentially rapid, Ufe-threatening outcome. Accordingly, various models of anaphylaxis have been estabUshed in laboratory animals, particularly mice, and extensively studied to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Such studies revealed that the classical pathway utilizing mast cells, IgE and histamine cannot explain all cases of anaphylaxis. 

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