Modelling laboratory

McNeil, T.J., Weed, D.R. and Estrin, J., 1978. A note on modelling laboratory batch crystallizers. American Institution of Chemical Engineers Journal, 24(4), 728-731. 

The geochemical interactions possible between an injected waste and the reservoir rock and its associated fluids can be quite complex. Thus a combination of computer modeling, laboratory experimentation, and field observation will inevitably be necessary to satisfy current regulatory requirements for a geochemical no-migration deep-well injection. This section covers the computer methods and models available for predicting geochemical fate. 

CHEMLAB-II. The Chemical Modeling Laboratory. For information contact Molecular Design, LTD., 1122 B Street, Hayward, CA 94541. 

In a fixed activity path, the activity of an aqueous species (or those of several species) maintains a constant value over the course of the reaction path. A fixed fugacity path is similar, except that the model holds constant a gas fugacity instead of a species activity. Fixed activity paths are useful in modeling laboratory experiments in which an aspect of a fluid s chemistry is maintained mechanically. In studying reaction kinetics, for example, it is common practice to hold constant the pH of... 

There is a need for further studies on this topic. One model laboratory study has demonstrated that the N-immobilization potential is greatly reduced when fertilizer N is placed several centimetres below the soil surface (11). The N tie-up is much smaller when residues are left on the soil surface as opposed to being mixed in the soil. 

Model, laboratory scale Technological, industrial scale... 

Gereg and Capolla developed process parameters determined by a model laboratory bench scale Carver press, model C (Carver Inc. Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.), which were translated to production scale compactor parameters (6). Their study provided a method to predict whether a material is suitable for roller compaction. Their study objectives were to characterize properties of the material to identify process parameters suitable to achieve the necessary particle size and density using the dry granulation process and then translate laboratory information to a production scale roller compactor. Actually, information developed from a Carver press was correlated and scaled-up to a production scale Fitzpatrick roller compactor. Model IR 520 (Fitzpatrick Co., Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.A.) The compactor produced very similar powder granule characteristics as the Carver press. Various lactose materials, available as lactose monohydrate or spray dried lactose monohydrate, were used as the model compounds. Results indicated that a parametric correlation could be made between the laboratory bench Carver press and the production scale compactor, and that many process parameters can be transferred directly. 

In model (laboratory) experiments, the half-life of MCPA was about 3 days, suggesting that particles might have to be airborne for appreciable time periods in order for breakdown to occur. However, atmospheric drift of emulsified parathion (0 0-diethyl G-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate) underwent substantial photooxidation, isomerization, and p-nitrophenol formation within a few minutes (Figure 4) (14). 

A problem arises, e.g., when model (laboratory, bench-scale) measurements are to be performed in a so-called cold model , but the industrial plant operates at high temperatures (petrochemicals T = 800 - 1000 °C). How can we ascertain that the laboratory model system behaves hydrodynamically similarly to that in the industrial plant Here, different temperature dependence of physical properties (viscosity, density) may cause problems. 

A Welsbach T-23 Model laboratory ozonator was utilized to produce ozonized oxygen from cylinder oxygen which had been scrubbed to remove carbon dioxide. Figure 1 shows the general features of the experimental equipment, with the 1500-ml. 

Most of the research conducted with aqueous two-phase systems has been experimental and empirical few studies of the fundamental thermodynamic mechanisms of phase separation and partitioning have been conducted (5, 23, 24). Furthermore, the systems which have been described use highly purified, expensive polymers, for model laboratory-scale applications. Novel bioseparation research based on aqueous two-phase systems needs to focus more on fundamental aspects needed to design phase diagrams and calculate partition coefficients. This... 

Bandyopadhyay, Sanjoy Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India... 

Dr. Michael J. E. Sternberg Imperial Cancer Research Fund Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory 44 Lincoln s Inn Fields London WC2A 3PX United Kingdom m.stemberg icrf.icnet.uk... 

USDA-ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory Beltsville, Maryland... 

Dennis Timlin Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 116 BARC-WEST, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705... 

By combining laser diagnostics with improved computer algorithms for modeling laboratory flames, we have been able to... 

After initial sample processing, radioanalytical chemistry is performed in the individual laboratories, numbered 7-11 and 19-25 in Figure 13.2. The model laboratory unit is designed to accommodate two radioanalytical chemists. The sidewalls consist of ample processing surfaces and cabinet space, and the center island contains a double-sided worktable, covered with a seamless laminate that can be replaced when necessary. 

Once the dryer configuration is established, the size of the dryer can be determined. Sizing the dryer can be based on theoretical models, laboratory testing, or previous production experience with the product that is dried. 

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