Oxygen cylinders

GAS CYLINDERS, OXYGEN ENRICHMENT, pp. 150, 307 Several topics which bring together incidents involving a common physical cause or effect but different types of chemicals are now included in Volume 2. 

A Welsbach T-23 Model laboratory ozonator was utilized to produce ozonized oxygen from cylinder oxygen which had been scrubbed to remove carbon dioxide. Figure 1 shows the general features of the experimental equipment, with the 1500-ml. 

Gases and Hydrocarbons Commercial cylinder oxygen, prepurified nitrogen, ethylene (95%). Liquid o-xylene, 88.5%> ortho, 3.3% meta, 1.4% para, and 6% toluene. Air from a compressed-air line was passed through an Ascarite filter before use. 

Place the ampule in the degassing train as in Method III.4,F.2 except substitute cylinder oxygen gas for nitrogen gas. Pass the pure oxygen at 200 ml/min for 2 min and seal the ampule as described in III.4,F.4. 

The nominal in-cylinder oxygen concentration depends on the oxygen concentration of the air charge entering the cylinders and the residual gas left in the cylinders. Define the trapped residual fraction yres as the ratio of the trapped residual mass to the total trapped mass... 

By assuming the trapped residual gases are equivalent to the gases that were just exhausted, the nominal in-cylinder oxygen concentration, [02]cy/, can be approximated by... 

The actuator shifts applied to the first four drive cycles labeled "A", "B", "C" and "D" decreased the EGR flow rate and increased the fresh air flow rate. The resulting effects on the in-cylinder oxygen concentration are shown in Figure 9. The ideal case tested previously is labeled as case "E". For the remaining four tests labeled "F", "G", "H" and "I," the shifts applied to the actuator commands caused a relative increase in the EGR flow rate. Figure 10 depicts the in-cylinder oxygen concentrations resulting from these shifts. The types of uniform bias errors simulated in these tests are not meant to represent typical air path errors rather, they were selected to help identify the robustness of each controller. 

With an in-cylinder oxygen concentration based fueling controller, the changes to the oxygen concentration caused by the air path actuator biases are correctly compensated. Based on the... 

Yan, F. Wang, J. (2010). In-cylinder oxygen mass fraction cycle-by-cycle estimation via a Lyapunov-based observer design. Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference. 

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