Modeling Principles and Philosophy in Engineering

In such a modeling structure there are three different components that can be used in practical applications. 

It is not possible to model any phenomenon without making a set of assumptions, which are not concerned only with the stracture of the model but also with the input and output variable properties. For rational assumption allocations one should consider not only mathematical complications but their geometrical imagination, visualization, and finally, a conveiuent design (Chap. 4). 

Similar to evolution of human and social sciences, engineering thoughts and methodologies have their evolution patterns leading to continuous, accumulative and sustainable development. In some societies engineering is thought as a career 

A significant example for such a simple modeling is the relationship between the stress and deformation, which is referred to as the Hooke s law in engineering. Although it is referred to as law, it provides the simplest model that combines deformation, e, input to stress, a, output. The basic assumption in this model is that the relationship between the input and output variables has proportional linearity, which implies that as the deformation inaeases, stress increases. This law can be written symbolically in a mathematical form as, 

Even non-specialists in engineering accept that without deformation (stress), it is not possible to have stress (deformation). Hence, s/he implies that there is a relationship between the two variables. The next question is what is the form of the relationship between the two Rational thinking leads to easily that it is a directly 

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